Category: Authors FA17

Usernames for Fall 2017 students of Comp II

Definition Rewrite – theintern

The business world is a battleground between good and evil, ethical and unethical, moral and immoral behavior. While some businesses have found it easy to increase profits by using unethical practices, many have lost everything by doing so and getting caught. Business ethics are not the same as the moral principles or habits that we learn from birth that help us determine what is right or wrong. They’re more practical and local; they’re rules of conduct recognized as appropriate to a particular class of human actions or a particular group or culture; they’re what “society thinks is right to do.” As such, they differ from company to company. Inside Enron, for example, what was determined “appropriate” was very different from moral behavior. For instance there is this natural gas company named Enron who were big and first founded in Houston, Texas in 1985. Enron was a great business and everything they did was perfectly fine and everyone were listening to their moral ethics. Once Enron promoted Andrew Fastov to CFO in 1998 every business aspect in the company changed. Since Enron was part of the stock market Andrew Fastow thought that Enron could be making more profit/revenue so he decided to “cook the books” which meant lie on the books about how much money Enron was making annually. He thought if he lied on the books Enron would increase value which also meant in shares in the stock market. This all came from what is known as business ethics; the stock market is a place where people buy stocks/shares of businesses in which case they are considered part ownership of any shares they bought from a particular company, they own only a small percentage of the business as well as gain a bit of income on the side. So Andrew Fastov drove Enron high in revenue and committed fraud to let more income come his way with the help of Arthur Andersen one of the big 5 accounting firms. Arthur Andersen was also another case that fell into the arms of unethical decisions and Enron helped take them down as well. Both of these companies worked to together so Enron would not be noticed by the S.E.C (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission) and be in a lawsuit for falsely writing high profits on their books. At the same time Arthur Andersen was not following their morals which they knew this was a wrong decision and they should have declined but because of greed and money every decision was made without thinking. In reality Enron was in debt and losing money even though they were worth like a few billion. The only way that Enron was ever getting away with this scandal was paying auditors from Arthur Anderson to make Enron look better to the public; as a growing and upcoming business to consider working for. Arthur Anderson not only helped Enron with a better image to the business world but financially they wrongfully reported their books falsely to cover Enron of getting caught by the SEC. Eventually the SEC caught up with Enron an their unrightfully acts of stock shares increasing from $20 to $90.56 in just 3 years which is a valuation of $70 billion dollars. The SEC had to do an investigation on Enron and found out that they were committing one of the biggest frauds in the United States. Enron could easily have done fine without lying about their profits and asking for help to improve their company. Though they decided to take the risky route and achieve greater money in the least amount of time by committing fraud, disobeying the rules, and not sticking to their business ethics of following the rules to success without cheating. Cause of cheating Enron shut down in 2001 after being 16 years in service, and the CEO’s whose income were like millions of dollars each year, were fined a killer amount of money that each one of them went broke. Jeffery Skilling was one of the principal CEO’s who was sentenced to 24 years in prison but recently was reduced to only 14 years in prison. Sources say he will be released in 2017.

Not only did the SEC investigate Enron they also investigated Arthur Andersen because the auditors job is to find any fraud or errors in books. Once the SEC found dirt on Enron, Enron called the auditors. “The fired partner, David B. Duncan, called a meeting of auditors at the firm’s Houston office and ordered ”an expedited effort to destroy documents” on Oct. 23, the day after Enron disclosed that the S.E.C. had begun its inquiry, the firm said. The destruction apparently did not end until Mr. Duncan’s assistant sent an e-mail message to other secretaries on Nov. 9 that said ”stop the shredding,” the firm said. Andersen had received a subpoena from the S.E.C. the day before.” Now why couldn’t Andersen just give in to the SEC and surrender that they helped Enron instead of trying to shred all the evidence. Andersen could have been given a less painful punishment but since they messed up they paid the consequences. Andersen was one of the big 5 auditing firms in the world next to Deloitte, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Ernst and Young, and KPMG. Now 2017 Andersen is no longer in existence because after this great big scandal no other companies wanted to associate with a firm who were disloyal.

People say that business ethics and moral ethics are the same but they aren’t. Moral ethics are what you learn from your parents. While business ethics is more of a one way streak there we must follow it one way however the rules are of that certain company. There is no other way to follow it because of how your parents taught you differently that does not fall into place within the business world. If an employee does not want to follow the firm’s rules the outcome is usually to be fired. That is when employees start realizing how the world really works and whatever moral ethics they had are gone because of the business world.

Works Cited

Investopedia. “Enron Scandal: The Fall of a Wall Street Darling.” Investopedia, 23 Oct. 2017.

“Ethics vs Morals.” Ethics vs Morals – Difference and Comparison 

Berenson, Alex. “S.E.C. Opens Investigation Into Enron.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 31 Oct. 2001.

Tribune, Chicago. “Ties to Enron Blinded Andersen.” Chicagotribune.com, 12 July 2008.

4. Self Reflective – Yoshi

Core Value I. My work demonstrates that I used a variety of social and interactive practices that involve recursive stages of exploration, discovery, conceptualization, and development.

Core Value One is the understanding that writing is a multi-stage, recursive, and social process. Writing is a multi-stage process because it involves prewriting, drafting, revisions, editing, and submitting. I demonstrated Core value one by doing multiple drafts. My first draft of Stone Money wasn’t the best, but with revisions I improved it and received a better grade. The social process of writing involved my professor reading over my essay, and talking to me about revisions I can make; to enhance my essay. For my Stone Money essay, my professor read over my essay and gave me constructive feedback. With his feedback, I rewrote my essay and improved it. Rewriting my essay multiple times and having my professor revise it, demonstrates how I understand Core Value

Core Value II. My work demonstrates that I placed texts into conversation with one another to create meaning by synthesizing ideas from various discourse communities.

Core Value II is about being able to understand, your own and other’s, work. Writing creates shapes, and conveys meaning, that goes beyond what the text says. In my visual rhetoric I demonstrated Core Value II. In the visual rhetoric we were told not to listen to the video, and write what happens in each time frame. By doing this and analyzing what happened in each of the time frames, I was able to understand what was happening in the video. I learned that texts are not just limited to words, but instead something can be understood by just visuals. Also by analyzing each time frame, I was able to see that different settings and communities can make the text have a different meaning than the writer intended.

 

Core Value III. My work demonstrates that I rhetorically analyzed the purpose, audience, and contexts of my own writing and other texts and visual arguments.

Core Value III is understanding that writing is formed by audience, purpose, and context. I demonstrated core value III in my first draft of stone money. In this draft I added cows and chips, which means I fixed my writing so it wasn’t so dry and boring. When revising this draft, I kept in mind my audience, but more specifically, what I can do to keep my audience more interested. So I changed the purpose of my essay to inform my audience about what money means to other people around the world. This way it was easier to relate it to my audience, and keep them more intrigued. I demonstrated core value III by adding cows and chips into my stone money assignment, and making it more interesting and relatable to my audience.

Core Value IV: My work demonstrates that I have met the expectations of academic writing by locating, evaluating, and incorporating illustrations and evidence to support my own ideas and interpretations.

Core Value IV is about using different source in order to backup certain information. Throughout the course I have use different sources to prove my facts. One assignment I demonstrated this core value in is my casual argument. In my causal argument I had to write about the cause and effects of police brutality, and use sources to backup my claims. I paraphrased these sources into my writing and had to cite them at the end of my paper. In order for my paper to make sense, and not sound made up, I had to locate the right sources and use information from them to support my opinion. By having a works cited at the end of my essay, and using information from certain websites shows how I have incorporated, and used core value IV into my writing.

Core Value V. My work demonstrates that I respect my ethical responsibility to represent complex ideas fairly and to the sources of my information with appropriate citation.

Core Value V is all about being moral and respecting the work of other people. In my research paper, I had to prove that police brutality happens more often to black people than it does to white people. In order to achieve this, I had to make my argument strong and have an opinion that went against mine. I respectfully disagreed with the writer’s opinion, and explained why by backing up my opinions with facts. Also, I added a works cited page to respectfully give credit to the articles of other’s that helped me form my opinion. I demonstrated core value V by being able to refute someone else’s opinion with respect, and by including a works cited page in order to give credit to the other people that helped me form my claim.

5a. Rebuttal Rewrite – Yoshi

P1. Overall, white people are killed more often than black people because, in America, there are nearly one hundred and sixty billion more white people than black people. But when the population is proportionalized black people are twice as likely to get killed in police shootings as white people. The killings, according to data, are not a racism problem. The problem here is that America has a violence and gun problem causing many police to walk around in fear.

P2. Cops walk around fearing for their lives everyday on the job, they never know how many people that they encounter are carrying guns. In 2014, U.S. residents committed more than 14,000 murders along with about 1.15 million other violent crimes. 68% of the homicides were caused by firearms. This is not surprising considering there are 300 million guns owned by residents of the United States. This raises the concern that police should often fear their own lives. Police are usually in a crime ridden areas trying to diminish the crime rate. Over the years of documenting where these police have patrolled correlate with the same areas that some black people reside in. It is unfortunate that communities and crime are now going hand in hand with creating a targeted locational problem.  This stirs up the issue that black people are targeted and killed more often than other races just by being at the wrong place at the wrong time.

P3. My worthy but mistaken opponent believes that, police officers kill more black people because they come in contact with them more often. Traffic stops are very random, for the most part officers pull you over for doing something wrong. The officer can not profile the victim, because they do not see the victim until the officer has walked up to the car.  In Cincinnati, Officer Tensing pulled over a 43 year old black man, Samuel DuBose, for not having a front license plate. DuBose began to drive away from the officer, and three officers pursued on foot. After running for a block or two officer Tensing shot DuBose in the head, killing him instantly. In court, Officer Tensing claimed, “I meant to stop the threat, I didn’t shoot to kill him. I didn’t shoot to wound him. I shot to stop his actions.” There was not threat in this situation, police officers exaggerate the word threat and use it in defense for their actions. Officer Tensing had many other decisions to make while in pursuit. He could have shot the tire, this way the car would stop moving. Officer Tensing could have called for back-up this way a police officer could chase DuBose in a car. There were many other options to avoid killing a citizen, there were many other options in order to avoid killing a father, but instead the officer decided to shot DuBose in the head and taking his life away. 

P4. My faulty opponent would claim that black people are more likely than white people to flee from police, resist arrest, and attack police and that is why they get brutalized more often. Black people tend to flee in fear for their lives. Police do not approach black people calmly, they often approach them in a hostile manner. Police are trained to be racist, and they are trained to fear black people. Josh Correll, a psychology professor from the University of Colorado, ran test with a video game. His findings showed police officers avoid shooting unarmed targets of all races, but as soon as the conductor of the experiment told the officers to shoot anyone deemed suspicious, the officers would shoot more quickly against blacks suspects over white ones. This shows that officers do display some racial bias in shooting suspects. His research found that the police are less likely to view black people as “innocent.” In another study of Cornell’s, police officers were challenged to make fast impulse shooting decisions with speed and accuracy. The data from this experiment showed a racial bias in the speed of their shooting. The police shot more black targets than white targets, and the police shot so fast that it was deemed an impulse, which demonstrates how police develop a bias in their training.

P5. America has had a problem with racism for centuries now. Everyday black people have to overcome their racial-based discrepancy in schooling, employment, economic status, etc.. Black people are more likely than white people to be unemployed, less likely to finish high school, and more likely to live in poverty or go to jail. A study done by a sociology major, shows that employers are less likely to hire someone with “Black sounding names” than someone with a “white sounding name” even when their applications were identical. Similarly enough, only a racial bias can explain why a white man with felony charges is more likely to get an interview than a black man with the same qualifications and a clean record. Even black children get treated unfairly compared to white kids. Tamir Rice for example a little boy that was playing with a gun, at the park that had an orange tag on it. The orange tags indicates that the gun is a toy gun. The officer shows up to the park and within two seconds the officer shoots Tamir Rice, leaving him dead at the park. In the same instance two boys from Ohio were playing on the street with BB guns. The police was called but this time they did not see an orange tag on the boys gun. The officers did not draw their weapons on the two boys. Instead, the officers approached the boys and arrested them. The same incidents in both situations, but the single black boy with a specified toy gun was killed in two seconds; while the two white boys were calmly approached and arrested.

P6. Black people are seen as a threat in not only police related situations, but also in communities. 27% of all black people live in impoverished communities compared to the 11% of Americans according to Black Demographic studies. 1 out of 3 impoverished area is crime ridden. Black people get shot more because police are usual in crime ridden areas; so there are more encounters with black people over white people; but the reason they do get shot is because of the racial bias police have implemented throughout their training and work life not because they are doing something wrong. Research shows that police officers gain a cognitive bias based on their instinct. Police are more inclined to shoot at black males over white males even if the reasoning is the exact same.

Works Cited

Brooks, Rosa. “America’s Police Problem Isn’t Just About Police.” Foreign Policy, Foreign Policy, 5 Jan. 2016.

Juzwiak R, Chan A. Unarmed people of color killed by police, 1999-2014. Gawker. 2014. Available at: http://gawker.com/unarmed-people-of-color-killed-by-police-1999-2014-1666672349. Accessed March 30, 2015.

Adams, Kenneth, Geoffrey P. Alpert, Roger G. Dunham, Lawrence A. Greenfeld-Garner, Mark A. Henriquez, and Patrick A. Langan. 1999. Use of Force By Police: Overview of National and Local Data Series [Research report]. Washington, DC: U.S. National Institute of Justice. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1745-9133.12269/full

Klinger DA. On the Problems and Promise of Research on Lethal Police Violence: A Research Note. Homicide Studies. 2012;16(1):78. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1088767911430861

Black, D. (1976). The behavior of Law. New York: Academic Press. Google Scholar. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0734016805275675

Press, Associated. “Samuel DuBose Shooting: Second Mistrial Declared in Officer’s Murder Trial.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 23 June 2017, http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/23/samuel-dubose-shooting-ray-tensing-trial-mistrial.

Reflective – theintern

Core Value I. My work demonstrates that I used a variety of social and interactive practices that involve recursive stages of exploration, discovery, conceptualization, and development.

Writing is a place to explore, discover, conceptualize, and develop. It involves an multistage (evolution), and recursive (repeating). Writing does not come so easy to everyone and if someone says that they are great, I say nobody is great because they must practice and keep practicing to be great at something, it requires repetition and peer review to understand what you did wrong. Once you know your flaws and correct them you still will never be great because you never stop learning, and you will always be stuck practicing to be better than before. This semester I haven’t taken feedback to hear as much and try to improve as I did last semester. My work has demonstrated a few flaws here and there but it also have proven what it is worth. For example my stone money assignment wasn’t the best but with some advice the stone money rewrite was one of my great improvements of revising and improving.

Core Value II. My work demonstrates that I placed texts into conversation with one another to create meaning by synthesizing ideas from various discourse communities. 

How I demonstrate this work is by picturing myself in which ever topic that I am writing about and try to put my perspective on this topic but at the same time implement texts from different sources that I gather information from. For example in class we got this visual rhetoric assignment and as a class we went through a 30 second video trying to understand what is happening in the video with no audio and at the same time have detailed descriptions what we think is happening within the first 0 secs Prof Hodges helped me identify more details within the video for my rewrite. The video assignment was to watch every few seconds of it with no sound and then make assumptions of what the people are saying, feeling, or doing and then create a scene in the scene they are in.

Core Value III. My work demonstrates that I rhetorically analyzed the purpose, audience, and contexts of my own writing and other texts and visual arguments.

Understanding audience, purpose, and context is a multiple step process. The audience represents the people you are displaying your information to. The audience are the critiques of your paper, movie or review. The purpose is about why you are writing what you are writing, what is the point of your essay, movie or article. The final step is the context which is the outside detail you mix into your writing and cite it. For me to adjust my writing I must know the audience I am presenting to like what age group they are in. For example the assignment that best fits this core value is my white paper this was where I analyzed the purpose of essay especially have two working hypothesis.

Core Value IV: My work demonstrates that I have met the expectations of academic writing by locating, evaluating, and incorporating illustrations and evidence to support my own ideas and interpretations.

I have met the expectations of academic writing through writing my proposal5+. The proposal 5+ was an assignment preparing ourselves for a big research essay. We were asked in class to be prepared for a big research essay and to have at least 5 sources with description of what the source is about and what does it prove or will prove. I learned a lot from the proposal because it helped me brainstorm and understand what the articles are about and try to piece them together to form a well written essay. Through writing this proposal5 I have interpreted my own ideas and have connected it to the supported statements within each source especially the biggest 5 corporate scandals helped me see more drama that I did not know. Incorporating these illustrations have really helped me arrange my ideas and not overthink to much and overwhelm myself.

Core Value V. My work demonstrates that I respect my ethical responsibility to represent complex ideas fairly and to the sources of my information with appropriate citation. 

My work is my own work and I respect my ethical responsibility to represent complex ideas fairly. Before ever submitting a completed essay or research paper it must have a work cited because I know that it is not fair to steal ideas from other writers who put their time in writing terrific sources and then to not get credited. I believe in appropriate citation but at times it gets difficult citing sources where some of the following information is missing. Easy bib has helped me with any kind of format I wanted and/or needed. Before writing anything I respected the rules of academic honesty by citing any source I used or quote from any article. I can making the annotated bibliography has helped me write the 1000 words for each argument especially finding statistical data by Peter Arlow who writes about students and adults who are more likely to be unethical.

Causal Argument – ChandlerBing

Frequent testing impedes on students’ ability to learn new information and apply it correctly in their lives. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, rules that schools are accountable for performance of the students. Moreover, harsh sanctions are put in place for those school districts that do not meet the “adequate yearly progress,” or AYP. The act also requires schools to administer standardized tests and report the results to the state. Subjects such as math, reading and writing are commonly found on these assessments, causing school districts to stray away from other important subjects i.e. social studies, foreign language and the arts. The standardized test movement has changed the very nature of education and learning by forcing educators to focus on test-taking skills rather than important concepts. These assessments do not further contribute to educational growth because they questions are generalized, they instill fear of failure in students, and they do not allow for teachers to update their pedagogical methods.

The original intent for high-stakes testing was to sort the massive inflow of students at the turn of the century. Slowly, they became a way to evaluate schools and their efficiency. States can determine whether a school is fulfilling the responsibility of effective teaching or not by the results of the tests. It makes sense for there to be a way to evaluate if a school is up to state standard, but there needs to be a surefire way to measure student improvement. Standardized assessments are created from an outside source other than the school that is administering them. Many educators and experts work tirelessly to develop these assessments, but what they do not understand is that each student has their own method of learning. Developers of standardized tests are not in the classroom with these students daily. So how can they cater to these individuals? They cannot. Teachers interact with students every single day, and they know and understand what works best for their students.

Since the tests are standardized, all students in the state must take the same assessment. This leads the questions to be general in nature. The questions do not evaluate the skills of the students simply because the questions are vague. When developing these tests, an important factor is not considered; each student learns at a different pace. For English language learners, it becomes difficult to take these tests that are in English. Another critique on standardized testing, emphasizes the belief that tests are procured for the sole purpose of holding schools and teachers accountable for their student’s performance. Teachers abandon their original curriculum to prepare for the high-stake test. This causes teachers to become test-taking instructors instead of meaningful mentors. Test-writers have even admitted that they write questions they know students are unable to answer. This is to create a wide score spread, which makes the test more desirable for a school to purchase and administer. With this mentality, the test scores do not accurately reflect the main curriculum. The main goal should be to expose the minds of the youth to new ideas and provide deep explanations of the world around them. If making money from a test is the goal, it must not even be considered; although it is considered.

Testing becomes the focus in a classroom. Teachers spend countless hours obsessing over the content of the tests. Any student will admit, their teacher has told them for multiple choice questions, “there are four choices that all may seem to be the right answer, but only one is the true answer.” “Don’t be too creative. Don’t think too hard. Only give them what they want. Pace yourself.” These phrases are becoming too frequent and they hinder the creativity and critical thinking necessary for effective learning. Creative children are stumped when they see the questions on the assessments. It teaches them that there is only one viable answer and there is no room for creativity. Standardized tests look at the final step rather than the learning journey. A more effective way to measure student learning would be to measure their improvement through classroom assignments. The instructor can create projects to highlight creativity and free thinking. The stress of standardized testing falls upon the student as they fear they will not pass. No one should take a high-stakes test in an anxious state. These tests are administered to thousands of students. It is unlikely that every single student can be present on test day. There are actual instructions on what to do if a student throws up on a test. Under these circumstances, it is counterintuitive to believe that a child can demonstrate their full capabilities of what they have learned. A student in South Carolina responded to standardized tests by saying, “All they care about is the test; they don’t care if we learn anything.” Learning success should be valued more than success on tests.

A handful of students do not show much concern for the tests and do not fully understand the consequences. Students fill out the bubbles on the exam sheet so that they form a picture, thus getting the answers marked incorrect. These students are then placed in a low-level class for the following years of their educational career. Apparently, results from a single exam are enough evidence to show the full capabilities of students, even when they lack care for the assessments.

High-stakes testing is not causing students to excel in their learning. Standardized tests hold schools and teachers accountable for their students. Rewards and punishments are given based on test results. Politics and money are too much involved in education. Students need to be taught in a way where they want to engage in school activities. When they show interest in a subject, students will excel. Weeks of test preparation distract teachers from teaching other non-tested subjects. Learning is a complicated process where the person uses their past experiences to make inferences of the world surrounding them. Standardized testing lacks creativity; a new way must be implemented to promote critical thinking in today’s students.

 

Works Cited

10 Big Advantages and Disadvantages of Standardized Testing. Conncectusfund.org. Connect US Fund. Accessed 28 Nov. 2017.

Brooks, Martin. Brooks, Jacqueline. “The Courage to Be Constructivist.” The Constructivist Classroom. vol. 57, no. 3, 1999, pp. 18-24. Accessed 28 Nov. 2017.

Herman, Joan L., and Shari Golan. “Effects of Standardized Testing on Teachers and Learning–Another Look.” (1990)

Simmons, Nicola. “(De)grading the Standardized Test: Can Standardized Testing Evaluate Schools?” Education Canada. vol. 44, no. 3, 2004. Accessed 29 Nov. 2017.

 

Bibliography – theintern

1.  That’s exactly what happened to Wells Fargo customers nationwide. “5,300 Wells Fargo Employees Fired over 2 Million Phony Accounts.” CNNMoney, Cable News Network.

Background: This article discusses the millions of phony accounts that Wells Fargo employees made. Each employee at Wells Fargo are required to meet a certain amount of new accounts being opened. So each of them took customer’s information and opened up multiple accounts under the customer’s name without telling them. Wells Fargo soon found out what the employees were secretly doing and fired around 5,300 people. These employees showed their true unethical behavior.

How I used it: How I used this article in my essay was to make sure the audience knows that working for a company and trying to meet certain standards changes a human being and their ethics. These employees had to choose the route of unethical behavior to meet their margin in order to keep their jobs.

2. Kauflin, Jeff. “The World’s Most Ethical Companies 2017.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 14 Mar. 2017.

Background: This article contains a list of companies who have been the most ethical companies of 2017. Now the companies that aren’t on this list are not most ethical probably because of something that may have happened in the past or is happening now.

How I used it: How I used this article was to demonstrate how smaller companies are more ethical than bigger companies because of the less customers they have to satisfy and the less employees that must be paid. While bigger companies tell us that they are ethical but in reality they mostly aren’t.

3. “The Rise and Fall of Enron.” Journal of Accountancy, 1 Apr. 2002,

Background: This article summarizes the rise and fall of Enron, a once so successful energy company that rose to the top so quickly in just a couple of months. Enron was a great company but the CEOs were very greedy with the profits that they wanted to have more. So as Enron kept on rising they skyrocketed at one point because of the fraud the CEOs decided to commit, they lied on their books.

How I used it: How I used this article was to explain another situation of how big companies always have unethical problems that they want to keep hidden. Enron was a great example to explain because it really changed everyone working for that company the minute you walked in.

4. Tribune, Chicago. “Ties to Enron Blinded Andersen.” Chicagotribune.com, 12 July 2008.

Background: This article summarizes the effect Enron had on Andersen; Andersen was one of the big five accounting firms until Enron became one of their customers. Enron asked Andersen to lie on the books about how their company were making profits but in reality they were losing. Soon when the SEC found out that Enron committed fraud it also came into ties with Andersen and how they didn’t announce what Enron was doing.

How I used it: How I used this article was to explain how easy it is for one big company to influence other companies. I made an example from Enron and how the company encouraged Andersen to behave unethically with having money thrown at them. Greed, money, moral ethics and business ethics all come into play its the survival of the strongest and who is willing to disobey the rules.

5. Investopedia. “5 Most Publicized Ethics Violations By CEOs.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 5 Feb. 2013.

Background: This article contains a list of CEOs who publicized ethic violations. For each CEO named there is a summary of what harm they caused to their company. The CEOs are come Enron, Yahoo, Tyco, Worldcom, and Hollinger International.

How I used it: How I used this article’s information was to elaborate and have more evidence about Enron and how the unethical behavior wasn’t the fault of the employees. The person who usually enforces ethic behavior rules must stand by them but not Kenneth Lay the CEO of Enron who personally wasn’t ethical which means the whole company had not been either. “CEOs have always been expected by shareholders and investors to maintain high ethical standards. Although it doesn’t always happen, today’s regulatory environment makes it easier to identify transgressions and bring violators to justice.”

6. Arlow, Peter. “Personal Characteristics in College Students’ Evaluations of Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility.” Journal of Business Ethics 10.1 (1991): 63. ProQuest.

Background: This journal discussed how the age, years of experience, and sex goes hand in hand to determine whether someone will commit unethical behaviors. Arlow took many surveys with older people, college students, males/females to measure the correlation between who is more likely to be unethical when in a difficult situation. In the end he figured out that students’ ethical attitudes are influenced more by exposure to the larger socio-cultural norms.

How I used it: How I used this journal was by evaluating the age of employees who worked specifically at Enron. I noticed that older employees were more likely to be unethical in order to keep their jobs because they are families to take care of rather than younger people.

7. Ackman, Dan. “Enron The Incredible.” Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 06 June 2013.

Background: This article is similar to some other ones but has a bit more information of how Enron made their profits in just a short span of time. This article compares the amounts of hours between other companies in the 2000s and Enron and the ratio of hours to revenue don’t quite just add up.

How I used it: How I used this article was to explain the certain years Enron started to skyrocket in profits and how before hand they were following the rules. I made sure to explain how that Enron’s numbers couldn’t have been so high in revenue within 3 years and with a small amount of employees it is figuratively impossible.

8. “How Corporate Social Responsibility Pays Off.” Long Range Planning, Pergamon, 26 Feb. 1999.

Background: This database explains what CSR is a how it pays off to have enforced in a company. CSR was announced in the mid 70s but was never really looked upon because every business company were doing fine without it.

How I used it: How I used this database was to discuss how Enron had corporate values and responsibilities but they never really enforced it like they should have.

9. Tribune, Chicago. “The Fall of Andersen.” Chicagotribune.com, 12 July 2008.

Background: This article focuses on the fall of Andersen a big time accounting firm that was part of the big five. Well once known as the big five now it’s just the big four. Andersen had great clients but because of one mistake they fell and lost all of their clients because none of them wanted to be bothered getting investigated after what happened to Enron. Enron brought Andersen down because they asked and paid much money to Andersen to help them cover and falsely write on their books.

How I used it: How I used this information was by explaining the methods of how Andersen dealt with Enron. I intend to expose Andersen and how they could’ve used common sense and not get mixed up in this mess. Andersen could of followed their normal ethics by doing the right thing of just letting Enron go and slip away from their fingers or could have told the SEC what they were doing.

10. Berenson, Alex. “S.E.C. Opens Investigation Into Enron.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 31 Oct. 2001.

Background: This article discusses about the SEC and what they are capable of doing. S.E.C. stands for Securities and Exchange Commissions which stand for what is right and what is wrong. The SEC follow the corporate rules just as moral ethics. In Enron’s case, the SEC were not keeping a close eye on Enron until word was busy through Wall Street about Enron skyrocketing in the stock market as well as Forbes magazines as being the best place to work. That is where the SEC just opened an Investigation on Enron and wanted to know how they were making so much revenue in small span of time, Enron tried to tell them their profits were real but once the SEC got a hold of Andersen and the books; Enron as everyone knew was ruined.

How I used it: How I used this article was to explain how the SEC works and what they are allowed to do through an open investigation. I also plan to say that companies that say they are ethical like Enron are never truly ethical. Since the Enron incident I intend to say that the SEC has been more strict upon businesses and because of Enron there is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

11. “Ethics vs Morals.” Ethics vs Morals – Difference and Comparison 

Background: This article describes the differences between business ethics and morals. It explains the definition, where do they come from, why, origins and etc. Knowing the differences helps identify what each company follows by.

How I used it: How I used this article was by understanding the concept of the two and make sure to keep reminding myself the difference. I intend to implement them into my writing and talk about different companies and how they have gone through unethical phases and how that hasn’t done any justice for them. While those who have been ethical like on that list are active, I also plan to write about how sticking with our morals from birth will help us become successful. If we intend to do the opposite of what we were taught because of business standards then we shall know what happens to those who fall in that trap. Being unethical ruins environments and causes more strict rules that other businesses do not deserve to get penalized.

12. Investopedia. “Enron Scandal: The Fall of a Wall Street Darling.” Investopedia, 23 Oct. 2017.

Background: This article elaborates more about what happened in each year. Enron started back in 1985 and was rising slowly up without and frauds or lies. Though it says once management changed within Enron everything changed and profits were skyrocketing but the SEC got suspicious that within 3 years Enron went bankrupt and was the fall of wall street.

How I used it: How I used this article was by elaborating the skyrocket of Enron and the cause of downfall. Within the article there is a timeline where it states that in 1998 Andrew Fastow was promoted to CFO. I used this information to connect the pieces of when the business was going to fail because when Fastow became the new CFO he hid there debts by falsely cooking the books with Andersen and since Enron was in the stock market they wanted their shares to keep rising so they “increased” revenue to have people buy more shares and increase profits that would then be put in the CFO, and CEOs wallets.

13. PBS. Public Broadcasting Service,Web. 02.

Background: This article is a timeline of all the years of Enron and what happen in almost every month of each year. The timeline gives detailed information about the stock market, the revenue of the business, the CEOs who fined and charged for the fraud offense.

How I used it: How I used this article was by backing up any sort of explanation with each time year and what happen to Enron and the amount of stock it went up or when they changed CEOs or even the time they wanted Arthur Andersen to be their auditing team to help them increase their profits.

14. Jenkins, Heledd. “Small Business Champions for Corporate Social Responsibility.“SpringerLink. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 02 Sept. 2006. Web. 03

Background: This journal contains information and statistical data from the UK proclaiming that small to medium businesses perform best and follow the ethics they have as rules

How I used it: How I used this journal was by confirming about how business have less of a lack of ethics like big businesses do. I will use think link for my rebuttal and say give examples that can go along with this journal I got off of google scholar.

Professor Evaluations

It’s time for you to grade me.

Here are the instructions from the University:

Please inform your students that you have requested the evaluation for your class(es) and pass on to them the following instructions to access it:

1. Go to http://www.rowan.edu/selfservice
2. Click “Access Banner Services – Secure Area – login Required”
3. Enter User ID & PIN
4. Click “Personal Information”
5. Click “Answer a Survey”
6. Click on one of the student evaluations for your classes
7. Complete the student evaluation
8. Click “Survey Complete” to submit your completed student evaluation
9. Repeat for other classes

 

Definition Rewrite -Jonhjelly

Technology is the helping hand in humanity. Without technology who knows where mankind would be today.Now in present time, the latest and newest technology is the microchip or other known as the RFID chip. This microchip/RFID chip is microscopic chip that can be embedded into our bodies for human monitoring . This can be in the eyes of a company to monitor our movements or actions. Another place where are most useful is to monitor   our medical emergencies and they can the new replacement for medical emergency bracelets. This new gadget can is worn daily and they is no everyday removal once the microchip is planted then if a person would life it removed than they will need to have it surgical removed.

The  benefits of the RFID/microchip implanted into humans is for monitoring  new/old  employee, its a form of tracking them making sure they aren’t wasting the companies time. This new device can track and monitor the person whom it is in. The employer can view what is employee is doing at anytime of the day and this can viewed as a employee productive. According to Saumya Sharma this device can “RFID Based Employee Monitoring System (EMS) would allow complete hands-free access control, monitoring the whereabouts of employee and record the attendance of the employee as well.”(Sharma 1).  This new devices can give a new incite of being a boss and knowing every move that there employees are doing. This will make the employers employees more productive because they know that they are being watched at all times of the day causing them to focus more on their duties at hand instead of slacking off more than they normally would. It will also take and keep track of employees attendance and keep track of who is late and who will be on time. This could be use as new way to keep their employees from getting raise and other incentives. This new system could create the perfect work environment. An the employees can also take advantages of this new device as well.With it they can they can access their  office door with easy or with a wave a hand they can pay for their lunch. One of the workers from Three Squared Market has nothing but good things to say for this device knowing that it is a constant monitoring there movements in and out of work. The employe of Three Squared Market Danna said “I don’t want to carry a wallet with me anymore. Actually, I forgot my wallet today. I didn’t even bring it to work. It’d be nice to be able to get some lunch. But you got your wallet, you got your key, your company badge. Now forget about all of that. That’s all in that implant in your hand,”. She also stated that they have been receiving calls from other companies wanting to start implanting there employees as well.

In the article written by  Healthcare IT they discussed the what if the medical bracelet would be replaced by the microchip. It would become the new medical bracelet and will only have access to medical emergency information only and not have access to all of our bank information, personal information as well. They have suggested that it would be safer if it only contained information about our medical information, this way our doctor can be the only person to reader our RFID chips with the RFID chip reader. According to the article written by Molly Merrill they said “The VeriChip is the only medical device that is guaranteed to always be with you to provide your identification and medical records information in an emergency situation.” This way it can still monitor our movements and keep track of our medical information.

The other benefits of the microchip is that can have access to all of our bank accounts and all of our personal information. With this new feature it will be easier to do all types of daily activities. Such as a person will be able to access their car without keys or they will be able pay for a item without having their wallet or any kind of currency on them. In  Barcelona there is a club that has been giving their customers a choices if they would like to receive the device or not. With the benefits of having this device they will be able to gain entree into the VIP section. Also they will be safer from any kind of danger that leaving the club after midnight offers. It is safer because it allow the clubbers to travel and have fun with out have money just in case they run into trouble. The  RFID that they would offer wouldn’t have access to their bank accounts. It would just rack up charges on the bar tab and they would just have to pay for them at the end the month like any other bill.

The RFID microchip is the latest and newest form of technology out there. It just gives human kind an extra hand and helps us out in our daily lives. It will soon become mandatory for everybody to the microchip implanted and when that occurs then everyone will soon rely on it for completing simple task. Technology is helping but can also be hurting  us in the end.

Work Cited

Images, A. (2017). Would you let your boss microchip you?. [online] Marketplace.org.Availableat:https://www.marketplace.org/2017/07/26/tech/sitting-down-three-square-market-microchips-its-employees [Accessed 28 Nov. 2017].

“Human-Implantable RFID chips: Some ethical and privacy concerns.” Healthcare IT News, 27 Dec. 2008, http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/human-implantable-rfid-chips-some-ethical-and-privacy-concerns.

Pdfs.semanticscholar.org. (2017). Cite a Website – Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/43e6/ba8aff7d8337b4a7e0d4bbd788ac877d37c0.pdf [Accessed 28 Nov. 2017].

Annotated Bibliography- phillygirl

Source 1:  Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption and Dependent Care. “Developmental Issues for Young Children in Foster Care.” Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics, 1 Nov. 2000, pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/106/5/1145.

Background: This article discusses developmental issues that young children face in foster care. Developmental problems are one of the biggest issues in younger children. The article lists problems that these children suffer from. The main argument is how bad of an impact foster care leaves with younger children.

How I used it: I used this information to back up one of my main points; foster care does effect most children, especially younger children. This article gave me reliable evidence backing up my point that children suffer most from child care. This article gives me reasoning on how young children are entering foster care during the time brain growth is most active. I used this to support one of my arguments as well.

Source 2: Cross, Theodore P. “Why Do Children Experience Multiple Placement Changes in Foster Care? Content Analysis on Reasons for Instability.” Taylor & Francis, 14 Feb. 2013, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15548732.2013.751300. (https://cfrc.illinois.edu/pubs/jn_20130201_WhyDoChildrenExperienceMultiplePlacementChangesInFosterCareContentAnalysisOnReasonsForInstability.pdf)

Background: This article discusses why children experience multiple placement changes in foster care. The main point of this article is to provide reasons for instability.

How I used it: I used some of this information to show the different sides of instability that is caused by foster homes. Like children not achieving stability in their living situations because of the constant placements. This just supports the children who are placed into different foster homes consistently.

Source 3: Troutman, Beth. “The Effects of Foster Care Placement on Young Children’s Mental Health: Risks and Opportunities.”

Background: This article discusses the effects of foster care placement on young children’s mental health. It also talk about risks and opportunities. In the article they explain attachment disruptions among young children in foster care. The author also discuss the risks of unresponsive care within foster homes and children having trouble maintaining attachment relationships because of the abuse within foster care.

How I used this: I used this to support my main point that abuse within foster homes does causes problems within children. I used this evidence to show readers that my information is valid and reliable.

Source 4: Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2017). Foster care statistics 2015. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau. https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/foster.pdf.

Background: This article discusses foster care statistics. It provides estimates for children and youth from the current year. It is data showing the statistics of children in, entering, and exiting foster care. Mainly information about the children’s ages, length of stay, and placement after leaving care.

How I used this: I used this information to really support my research paper overall. Showing statistics and data as such, shows validity and reliability.

Source 5: “A Critical Look at Foster Care: How Widespread a Problem?” A Critical Look at Foster Care: How Widespread a Problem?, 1 Dec. 2005, http://www.liftingtheveil.org/foster04.htm.

Background: This article gives a critical look at the foster care system, and how widespread a problem. The article gives evidence of how some children experienced a pattern of physical, sexual, and emotional abuses. The article mainly discussed trial cases that has been reviewed.

How I used this: I used this information to show readers exactly what these children experience in foster care. This article provides readers the evidence that shows how these children suffer and how nothing is done about this issue.

Source 6: McFadden, Emily Jean|Ryan Patricia. “Abuse in Family Foster Homes: Characteristics of the Vulnerable Child.” ERIC – Education Resources Information Center, 31 July 1986, eric.ed.gov/?id=ED277460.

Background: This article talks about abuse in foster homes, specifically characteristics of the vulnerable child that experiences the abuse while in care. The article presents information from a study identifying characteristics of abused children. The article also discusses how child mistreatment within foster are causes children to have behavioral issues that strings along with many other issues as well.

How I used this: I used this information to support all of my main arguments because this article provides information for each of them. More specifically, behavioral issues and the problems that follow it.

Source 7: Hobbs, Georgina F. “Abuse of Children in Foster and Residential Care.” Child Abuse & Neglect, Pergamon, 29 Nov. 1999, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213499000964.

Background: This article discusses abuse of children in foster and residential care. The author examines the characteristics of physical and sexual abuse of children in foster and residential care. The author focuses on a city in England. The author provides abuse reports and the number of cases.

How I used it: I used this information to provide readers with an estimate of foster care abuse cases that goes on in just a city. I used the number of cases there were filed in this city, and used some of the reports to show readers exactly what these children experience and how these children suffer while being in foster care.

Source 8: Dozier, Mary. “Challenges to the Development of Attachment Relationships Faced by Young Children in Foster and Adoptive Care.” American Psychological Association, American Psychological Association, psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-13837-030.

Background: This article discuss challenges to the development of attachment relationships faced by young children in foster and adoptive care. The author talk about the different challenges children experience in foster homes. As well as, factors affecting how children cope with adversity, challenges for children forming attachment issues, and the effects of infants’ early experience.

How I used it: I used this information to help me with giving information about how younger children who experience abuse suffer from long term issues. Also, to provide information about foster children’s experience and the affects children face after foster care.

Source 9: Teo, Dawn. “The 10 Most Surprising Things About Foster Care.” The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 15 Apr. 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dawn-teo/the-10-most-surprising-things-about-foster-care_b_7058474.html.

Background: This article briefly discusses the life of a foster child. The author talk about how most foster children are forced to leave everything and everyone behind them, how these children were abandoned, bad social workers, and more related topics.

How I used it: I used this source to educate myself on the good and the bad things foster children endure.

Source 10: Wexler, Richard. “Abuse in Foster Care: The Denial Runs Deep.” The Chronicle of Social Change, 5 Nov. 2017.

Background: This article discuss abuse in foster care and the denial that runs deep in foster children. In the article they discuss children who suffer from abuse while in foster care and children who do not experience any abuse. The article mainly focuses on a case where two foster children were starved to death by foster parents. Caseworkers ignored red flags and specific complaints about what was going on the house hold.

How I used it: I used this article to provide me with information to support my background information. I used specific information from this article to support some of my main points about how some children suffer in while in foster care and are ignored by social workers.

Annotated Bibliography – PlethoraGaming

1) On the scientific relevance of esports: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Wagner12/publication/220968200_On_the_Scientific_Relevance_of_eSports/links/00b4952589870231be000000.pdf

Background: The author tries to define esports to lead a proper investigation on the problems in esports. This article defines esports, gives us a brief history of esports and gives us the esports science. The esports science focuses on the development of teams of how they have to have high level of communication to be a high performing team. It also focuses on it as if they were a normal team to state that players need to practice to essentially hone their skills.

How to use it: This is used to show some of the basic needs to be a team, especially for varsity esports in college, how this determines skill gap between casual and competitive players.

 

2) Rise and rise of esports: http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=c0a8ef8e-4cbd-40c7-83f4-3fc09dea9192%40sessionmgr4010&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=97498033&db=aph

Background: This article essentially talks about the boom of esports. It talks about the video game being a entertainment industry however it is being turned into a competitive scene. He states that the hours a pro player puts in essentially makes them equivalent to athletes because of the rigorous training.

How to use it: This article will be used to show that the esports industry is rising, and lead into the question i’m asking of why there is a skill gap in varsity versus casual teams. This is to show that colleges need to invest in esports

 

3) Recognizing ESports as a Sport: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel_Kane13/publication/317929457_Recognizing_ESports_as_a_Sport/links/597f4db5a6fdcc1a9acd7fe1/Recognizing-ESports-as-a-Sport.pdf

Background: This article talks about how esports should be categorized as sports in the competitive level. Using the definition of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the author believes that esports still fits in their category as sports. This article also defines esports and tries to put it together in the same category as sports. It also talks about the benefits of esports being a sport especially in the NCAA

How to use it: This article tries to separate the amateur and professional environment of esports, this will be used to categorize varsity esports as professional and any clubs to be just amateur. And utilize how beneficial it is to have esports in NCAA to have colleges invest more in eports

 

4) eSports: The New intercollegiate “athlete”: https://ascue.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Jenny_eSports_ASCUE2016.pdf

Background:This powerpoint introduces esports as a mainstream sport and the players as athletes in college. It compiles several colleges, and shows the usage of esports scholarship. This powerpoint breaks down what categories it must hit to be defined as a sport. This also tries to show how to institutionalize esports in college.

How to use it: In this I have focused on specifically sport having to have physical exertion to be considered a sport. This powerpoint talks about exercise games but it’s not competitive. I use a substitute to show in my article that physical exertion does exist in video games, and it’s mostly in the eyes and hands.

 

5) eSport management: Embracing eSport education and research opportunities: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1441352317300670

Background: This article talks about how esports is evolving, and how do we classify as as a sport? This defines esports but it checks to see which aspects of sports should be a criteria for esports to be considered to be in it. Even further it tries to discuss how its a growing industry and sports should try to guide it.

How to use it: I use this to discuss how esports is different from video game, it shows the difference between ‘fun’ and ‘competition’. This also talks about how diversity is created within college varsity teams to show that esports is evolving and that helps my article by showing the impact of esports in the collegiate scene.

 

6) Campus knowledge of esports: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4292&context=etd

Background: this article focuses on how esports can lead to a higher education. Essentially it talks about how colleges are looking for new innovative ways to have more people enroll in their school, but esports is a fairly new phenomenon and how should colleges treat this to get more enrollment. It has a survey that also shows player earning and such to show how this can lead to a career.

How to use it: This is being used mostly for showing how this leads to a higher education. With video games growing it shows how colleges can utilize this to show improvement in enrollment and have students chase after that goal.

 

7) Comparison of eSports and Traditional Sports Consumption Motives: https://search.proquest.com/docview/917532561?pq-origsite=gscholar

Background: This article focuses on comparing esports and sport media consumption. The author goes over 14 different motivational factors that affects the time spent watching esports. This article also talks about how video game developers might take the route to creating a game that is competitive for esports.

How to use it: I will be using this show my experience in the behind the scenes of creating a game to be competitive. I utilize my experience with Amazon for the game Crucible which I was flown out for; to lead the topic of creating games for esports in my essay, to show what games should colleges focus on in esports.

 

8) Time to be grown-ups about video gaming: the rising esports industry and the need for regulation: http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/arz57&div=29&g_sent=1&casa_token=&collection=journals

Background: This article talks about how to regulate esports. The main topics are how can the government get involved. The author wants the government to regulate the visas, form an esports association, and classify which players are employees.

How to use it: I will be using this to show that varsity teams are winning money but does it classify them as employees? The author states that almost any paid players are employees, but I will be fighting that argument, to show that certain games have different wages and it’s not exactly a stable income.

 

9) Not just a game: the employment Status and collective bargaining rights of professional esports players: http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/walee22&div=18&g_sent=1&casa_token=&collection=journals

Background: This article focuses on employment status of people in this industry. This article defines what an employee is and tries to figure out if players are employee of their own org or are they employees of the game.This article leads to showing what federal laws are applicable to give these players employment status.

How to use it: I will be using this to show which parts of the esports industry will we consider employment for esports. There are lot of section to esports, like the games, writes, the players, but they all could apply to the federal employment laws in one way or the other, so it shows my discussion in that.

 

10) Survey I conducted: https://imgur.com/a/tWIZa

I asked in a public collegiate esports tournament group chat (Discord.gg/AVGL) “how does collegiate varsity esports team compare skill wise to just gaming clubs. Pretty much is there a skill gap?”

Background: What I got from the surveys are player responses stating essentially how it run in their college. However few statements from various people gives clarification on the skill gap between pro, varsity and casual gaming. Essentially how did varsity esports team get beat out by casual college players.

How to use it: I work with AVGL and conducted this public survey to give me a better understanding how things are run at colleges with varsity esports. I will be focusing on what Victor said on the topic of coaching. Essentially answering the question is 4 years enough for the players to really make any impact in improving.