Category: Portfolio rainbow

Research Paper – rainbow987

In a society where mental illness is generally not well understood or accepted, negative stigmas are highly present in daily life for many people. Judgment is passed out like candy on Halloween regarding many different mental disorders, such as depression. In many ways, society blames a person for mental illness. Many people do not recognize disorders, like depression or anxiety, as legitimate illnesses. For example, health care insurance options for mental illness is extremely limited compared to the coverage offered for physical illness, which is discussed in detail by Dr. David Susman, in his article entitled “8 Reasons Why People Don’t Get Treatment For Mental Illness.” He explains that legislation was recently passed by the US Congress to address and correct these concerns, but that many details still need to be fine-tuned. In addition, those who suffer from symptoms of the sort often do not seek any treatment due to lack of resources or a fear of being judged by others. As reported by Fox News in an article entitled “More Than Half of US Adults With Mental Illness Don’t Get Needed Care,” approximately six out of ten young people suffering from major depression do not seek treatment in their life. Without proper treatment, many mental illnesses will develop and worsen over time. The negative stigmas surrounding depression directly impact the quality of life for those dealing with the illness. In many ways, these stigmas cause symptoms of the disorder to develop and intensify.

For many people, it is common vocabulary to refer to someone or something as crazy. The word is used in a variety of settings and scenarios. For example, if a person thought that he was going to score badly on an assessment but actually received a high grade, he may react by saying “That’s crazy!” If an upstanding member of society was convicted of a felony unexpectedly, people would respond similarly. “Crazy” can have many different meanings. Most often, it implies a sense of surprise or alarm.

Sometimes, the word can be used in a derogatory way. Without being politically correct, those with mental illnesses such as depression are often labeled in such a way as to be called crazy. People who are considered crazy are most often different than the mainstream of society. Some are outcasts and some display abnormal behaviors. However, abnormal is subjective. One person’s idea of abnormal could be entirely different than another’s. Abnormality could even be based on cultural differences. For example, in some cultures, it is abnormal for a person to walk inside a house without taking off his or her shoes. It is common to refer to abnormal behavior as crazy. However, different does not equal crazy. Therefore, abnormality does not equal craziness. This definition also explains why it is inaccurate to refer to someone with a mental illness as crazy. However, as stated in “Stigma Towards Mental Illness: A Concept Analysis Using Postpartum Depression as an Exemplar,” mental illness stigma is a serious issue in all cultures and ethnicities.

There are many negative stigmas regarding mental illnesses such as depression. Negative stigmatization of mental illness can be a theoretical death sentence for the self-esteem and confidence of an individual. By spreading a stereotype such as craziness in regards to illness, the problem itself escalates further.  For example, discrimination against those suffering from mental illness prompts many people to not seek proper treatment. The fear of being judged by others inhibits their psychological well-being as a whole. People often do not seek treatment for serious mental health concerns due to the fear of being judged or accused of having self-inflicted their issues. As stated in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease in an article entitled “Mental Illness Stigma and Care Seeking,” fifty to sixty percent of people who would benefit from mental health treatment do not seek or receive it. People who suffer from these types of illnesses have to not only deal with the symptoms of the disorder, but they also have to deal with the struggles presented in society. Michael W. O’Hara explains in his article “The Nature of Postpartum Depressive Disorders,” that depression can have a significant effect on a person’s self-esteem. Therefore, the social stigma only worsens these feelings in an individual. They may face discrimination in the workplace or possible judgment in social environments. This negativity is created by the many negative stigmas that revolve around mental illness, and it does nothing but create false perceptions of the disease.

In addition, since many people with mental illness are assigned blame for their feelings, it may lead them to assign blame onto themselves as well. However, such thoughts are backwards and entirely counterintuitive. To be frank, the idea of depression as a whole makes people uncomfortable because it is not well understood. In response to this uneasiness, society attempts to “justify” depressive feelings on the basis of them being insincere. Depression is not brought upon willingly or intentionally by any person, so it is counterintuitive that people feel the need to assign blame for the disorder.

Labeling someone as crazy for an illness is not productive in any way, shape, or form. Negative stigmas revolve around these types of illnesses, which do nothing but worsen the lives of those who suffer from them and their families. It is important that the prejudice and complete discrimination of those suffering from a mental illness stops. Mental illness, specifically depression, does not have cause for blame in a person. Assigning blame to a mental illness such as depression as a method of reasoning does nothing but worsen possible symptoms and negative feelings that one may be experiencing. The lack of knowledge that many have of the illness causes a stigma that those with depression are “crazy” and looking for attention. However, such thoughts are demented and ignorant. The idea of depression as a whole often makes people squirm because it is not well understood. The stigmas related to the illness are so great that many people feel uncomfortable even talking about them. Therefore, minimal progress has been made to broaden people’s knowledge of mental illness. Instead, in response to this uneasiness, society attempts to “justify” depressive feelings on the basis of them being insincere. Depression is not desired by any person, so it is counterintuitive that people feel the need to assign blame for the disorder. Therefore, assigning blame for depression does nothing but worsen heavily stigmatized thoughts on the disorder as a whole. It is the hope that over time, society will become more accepting of mental illness and all that it entails. Society needs to realize that being different does not make someone less of a person. Discrimination and prejudice related to the topic needs to end.

Negative stigmas can lead to negative, hurtful labels, and it can lead to symptoms of loneliness and distress. The common term of calling someone crazy if they are different in any way plays an extremely significant role in the field of mental illness. Calling someone crazy is an ignorant way of looking for causation. Since mental illnesses such as depression are not well understood, it makes people uneasy. Therefore, calling someone crazy is an implication that blame has been assigned. It does not make sense that a serious illness that is most often caused by traumatic events or biological chemical changes can be one’s “fault” for having. People are not blamed for illnesses such as cancer or diabetes, so it is unfair that others are blamed for having a mental illness of any kind. The lack of knowledge that many have of the illness causes a stigma that those with depression are “crazy” and looking for attention. Unfortunately, these ignorant thoughts are extremely prevalent in daily life for those struggling with mental illness, and they can prove troubling in a variety of ways over the span of a person’s life.

According to stereotypes and how mental illness has been portrayed throughout history in media, those suffering from a mental health issue are “crazy” or “insane.” The media’s depiction of a “crazy” person often stems from severely abnormal behaviors. The media is a direct factor as to why some people do not respect people dealing with mental illness, which is further explained in Patrick Corrigan’s “On the Stigma of Mental Illness: Practical Strategies for Research and Social Change.” The person who sits by themselves on the subway, mumbling under their breath at no one is “crazy.” Imagine this person, who is very alert and aware of everything going on around him. His eyes are very wide and he appears to be in a great amount of distress. Physically, he looks to be sweating profusely, and he is tapping his foot very quickly. He continues to mumble and scan his eyes around the subway car. His talking begins to get louder and turns into a shout as he yells at no one. In reaction, the surrounding passengers sense that he is extremely angered and frightened. To them, the man appears to be the exact definition of “crazy.” Upon further psychological inspection, it could be assumed that the man is suffering from delusions and hallucinations. He may have schizophrenia, which is believed to be caused by a mixture of genetics, brain chemistry, and environment. Many of these factors are uncontrollable, and therefore, the man could not control the onset of his illness. The passengers on the subway are judgmental and think that the man is causing an unnecessary scene. However, the man is ill and cannot be blamed for “looking for attention” or “making up” his symptoms, as these thoughts are untrue.

Now imagine Jane, who is a young woman also sitting on the subway car. She was recently diagnosed with major depressive disorder. However, she is struggling to accept to her diagnosis. While witnessing the events transpose on the subway with the man, she can clearly see the hurtful judgment on the faces of the other passengers. No one seems to be concerned for his well-being. Everyone tries to keep their distance and avoid eye contact. This behavior angers Jane. She can sense the cruel thoughts that all of the witnesses have regarding the man. They all think that he is “crazy.” No one acknowledged his behavior as a legitimate mental illness or health risk. Jane compares this man to herself. She does not want to be labeled as “crazy” for her mental illness, so she does everything that she can to keep it a secret, even from her loved ones. She stops receiving treatment and attempts to ignore her symptoms. However, these actions cause Jane to struggle with her emotions and hinders her well-being greatly. Her fear of being stigmatized and judged indirectly caused her symptoms of depression to increase.

There are many reasons why a person may not receive treatment for a mental illness. Among these are the fear of being judged and feeling as though they are a failure if they seek treatment. Social constructs in our society cause self-doubt when a person is debating seeking help. Factors other than the person’s well-being often overpowers their health, which should be most important. Fox News documented that approximately 56% of people fail to receive treatment for major depression, for a variety of reasons. However, one of the most influential reasons as to why a person would avoid seeking treatment stems from fear of judgment by others, including family members, close friends, and co-workers. The pressure that many feel to be “perfect” causes many to deny symptoms of mental illness, which can lead to destructive and degenerative behavior. If the negative stigma regarding mental illness did not exist, or even if it was not as severe as it actually is, many more people would seek treatment for mental health issues. In turn, by receiving proper care, the quality of life for those suffering from mental illness would increase dramatically. For many, treatment would help to reduce symptoms and daily struggles caused by the issue.

As a society, we treat mental illness as a taboo topic. It is not well understood and therefore often misunderstood. There are many negative stigmas surrounding the idea of mental health issues as a whole. Many do not even acknowledge disorders such as depression and anxiety as legitimate illnesses. In addition, those who suffer from mental illnesses are often falsely labeled with hateful and cruel words such as “crazy” or “unstable.” If someone suffers from a mental health issue, society will often blame the person. If someone is depressed, he is causing it himself. If someone is anxious, she is looking for attention. However, these stigmas and stereotypes are spread by ignorance and an overall lack of understanding of mental health. They can cause severe damage to an individual’s well-being. Stigmas cast mental illness in a very dark shadow, which causes people to deny many if not all of their symptoms. Over time, the denial of symptoms due to fear of judgment can eventually lead to a decline in mental health when a person has an illness. Negative stigmas regarding mental health directly impacts a person’s management of an illness. These stigmas indirectly cause symptoms to intensify and affect people’s lives negatively. Not everyone acknowledges that the negative ideas surrounding depression are highly exaggerated and often fabricated. Some people question the legitimacy of the disorder, arguing that it is not real for a variety of reasons.

Many people agree with the argument, which is that depression is not a legitimate illness. This argument proposes that depression is exaggerated sadness and those who say that they have the disorder are attention-seeking. In addition, proponents for a similar argument say that although the symptoms of depression are real, depression itself is not an illness. Dr. Greg Henriques argued this point in an article entitled “Anxiety and Depression Are Symptoms, Not Diseases,” posted by Psychology Today. He states that anxiety and depression are only symptoms of a greater illness, but that they are not diseases in themselves. This statement degrades the legitimacy of an illness that so many suffer from without suffering from another illness.

For many, it is difficult to distinguish between those who are exaggerating emotions for the purpose of gaining sympathy and attention from those who are genuinely suffering from chronic negative emotions, which is depression. Therefore, it is a common misconception to believe that those who are chronically depressed are actually just looking for attention.

The idea that depression is not an actual illness is entirely invalid. There is an ample amount of scientific evidence proving that the brain imaging of a person with depression looks different than a person without depression. There is a neurological factor that contributes to depression that cannot be “faked.” Therefore, it is not true that depression is just people exaggerating and seeking attention. However, people with depression have a physical chemical imbalance that impacts their mood, as stated in the article “Hormonal Changes in the Postpartum and Implications for Postpartum Depression.” The information in this article is relevant to major depressive disorder even though it discusses postpartum depression, as the symptoms of both disorders are extremely similar. It is true that there are people who exaggerate their emotions for the purpose of gathering sympathy and attention from others. This type of person does not necessarily have depression. Depression is a legitimate mental illness that affects many people of all ages, races, and genders.

Many people suffering from depression are discredited in a variety of ways. People do not understand how they feel. People disrespect the idea of the disease. Therefore, many sufferers refuse to acknowledge their illness or seek treatment. This negative perspective can lead to a worsening of the illness. With aid from this mindset, many negative stigmas about mental illness, specifically depression, have developed.  These negative stigmas imply that it is not acceptable to have a mental illness. According to them, people with mental illnesses are “crazy” or “insane.” The negative thoughts surrounding depression and other mental illnesses lead to people not seeking treatment out of fear of being judged. In turn, the symptoms of mental illness may get worse. Therefore, negative stigmas regarding depression lead to a worsening of overall symptoms of the illness.

A common worry that many people suffering from depression have is that people are not going to believe them. Unfortunately, there is a stigma in place that many believe to be accurate, which is that depression is not a real illness. However, depression is a disease that can be proven neurologically through brain imaging. Depressed people are not looking for attention. Depression needs to recognized for what it is, a legitimate disorder.

In conclusion, it is common in our society to discredit those individuals suffering from depression, while also discrediting the illness itself as a whole. However, this belief is inaccurate. There are major differences between a person that exaggerates in an attempt to gather sympathy and a person that has depression. Depression is caused by a combination of environmental factors and chemical imbalances. The chronic negative emotions and feelings of worthlessness that a person experiences while dealing with depression are debilitating. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 80% of Americans over the age of 12 experienced depression in a two-week time period. 27% of these people faced significant difficulties in their work and home environments. Based on this information, it is obvious that the experience of depression is genuine. The illness is just as “real” as cancer or diabetes. Disrespecting a person based on their mental health is common in today’s world, but it is not justified in any way. In turn, it is important that our society begins to understand and respect those with depression. In the words of Barbara Hocking in her article entitled “Reducing Mental Illness Stigma and Discrimination – Everybody’s Business,” the community needs to improve upon their “mental health literacy.” In order to make progressive steps towards a better society, we must be accepting, understanding, and knowledgeable of the symptoms surrounding depression, as we are with all other illnesses, regardless of whether or not we experience those symptoms ourselves.

Cooper, Amy, et al. “Mental Illness Stigma and Care Seeking .” Ovid.

Corrigan, P. W., Kleinlein, P. (Ed.). (2005). On the stigma of mental illness: Practical strategies for       research and social change.“

Hendrick, Victoria, et al. “Hormonal Changes in the Postpartum and Implications for Postpartum Depression.” Psychosomatics, Elsevier, 29 Apr. 2011,

Henriques, Gregg. “Anxiety and Depression Are Symptoms, Not Diseases.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 26 Mar. 2016,

Hocking, Barbara. “Reducing Mental Illness Stigma and Discrimination — Everybody’s Business.” MJA.

“More than Half of US Adults with Mental Illness Don’t Get Needed Care.” Fox News, FOX News Network,

O’Hara, Michael W. “Postpartum Depression and Child Development.” Google Books,

Pinto-Foltz, Melissa D., and M. Cynthia Logsdon. “Stigma Towards Mental Illness: A Concept Analysis Using Postpartum Depression as an Exemplar.” Taylor & Francis,

Pratt, Laura A., and Debra J. Brody. “National Center for Health Statistics.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 Jan. 2010.

Susman, David. “8 Reasons Why People Don’t Get Treated For Mental Illness .”

Self-Reflective Statement – rainbow987

Core Value I. My work demonstrates that I used a variety of social and interactive practices that involve recursive stages of exploration, discovery, conceptualization, and development.

Composition II was the first writing course that I took as a college student, as I received credit for Composition I from advanced placement testing. Therefore, I was new to the concept of spending significant time on a piece of writing by revising and editing. I enjoyed being able to communicate with Professor Hodges over the blog whenever I needed feedback. This tool allowed me to receive invaluable information remotely, which made revisions much easier for me. I took advantage of this opportunity in the visual rhetoric assignment. I was unhappy with the result of my submission, so Professor Hodges provided ample feedback and suggestions to improve my work. I then spent the time revising and creating a better draft of the assignment.

Core Value II. My work demonstrates that I placed texts into conversation with one another to create meaning by synthesizing ideas from various discourse communities.

Before taking this class, the only resources that I felt comfortable using for an assignment were documents and articles. I did not recognize that there are many other sources of information available, such as podcasts and visuals. When we were assigned the Stone Money assignment, Professor Hodges provided us with a list of possible useful sources. I used many of them, even though I was unsure how to use them initially. For example, there was a significantly long podcast linked to the list of sources that talked about the topic. I was unsure how to incorporate information from such a long conversation into my piece. However, after listening to the whole podcast and writing down the key points that I took from it, I felt much more knowledgeable about my topic, and therefore much more prepared to write about it.

Core Value III. My work demonstrates that I rhetorically analyzed the purpose, audience, and contexts of my own writing and other texts and visual arguments.

In order to better understand my topic, I used rhetoric language frequently. By using this technique, I was able to narrow my claim and show in common language what I was trying to express. In my causal argument, I created characters and story line to display the thoughts that I was trying to explain. Their actions were helpful in showing the cause and effect side of my argument in a sense that every person would understand. By rhetorically analyzing my argument, I proved that I understand my information completely and would be able to defend it in a real-life situation.

Core Value IV: My work demonstrates that I have met the expectations of academic writing by locating, evaluating, and incorporating illustrations and evidence to support my own ideas and interpretations.

It is important when writing a research paper to give proper credit to the sources used. It is also important to explain to the reader how the sources were used and how they proved valuable. Before taking this course, I always made sure to include a bibliography. However, I rarely was asked to provide an annotated version detailing this additional information. However, I found it helpful in organizing my writing. In addition, the reader will be able to validate my claims easily through my explanations of how I used the sources. My annotated bibliography provides clear and concise descriptions of my sources and how I found them valuable to my argument.

Core Value V. My work demonstrates that I respect my ethical responsibility to represent complex ideas fairly and to the sources of my information with appropriate citation.

When writing a research paper, it is important to only use sources appropriately and fairly. Credit must be given to the authors and reasoning must be provided as to how it was useful to the argument. I was able to organize my sources in the Proposal +5 assignment, where I detailed how I was going to use each source responsibly. This practice helped me to fulfill my ethical responsibility. Although my thesis changed slightly since the production of this assignment, it still demonstrates the thought behind each source that I used. Therefore, I find it effective in showing that I properly represented the complex ideas discussed by other authors with appropriate citation.

 

Annotated Bibliography – rainbow987

Resource 1:

Cooper, Amy, et al. “Mental Illness Stigma and Care Seeking .” Ovid.

Background: This article discusses the correlation between a negative attitude/stigma towards mental illness and the treatment adherence of patients.

How I Used It:I used the information in this article to gather information on how the negative stigmas regarding mental illness affect the likelihood that a person will receive treatment. I applied this information to my mental illness topic, which is major depressive disorder.

Resource 2:

Corrigan, P. W., Kleinlein, P. (Ed.). (2005). On the stigma of mental illness: Practical strategies for       research and social change.“

Background:This article discusses the societal effects of mental illness stigma and how they affect life for a person struggling with a disorder.

How I Used It:I used this article as a reference as to how negative stigmas affect those with a mental illness on an everyday basis. Examples of how the stigmas could affect daily life include when being hired for a job or rented a house.

Resource 3:

Hendrick, Victoria, et al. “Hormonal Changes in the Postpartum and Implications for Postpartum Depression.” Psychosomatics, Elsevier, 29 Apr. 2011, 

Background:Biological factors could lead to the possible development of postpartum depression in a woman. Preexisting factors such as genetic history or a predisposition to depression could lead to postpartum upon delivery of a child. However, in addition to this, there are dramatic hormonal fluctuations when a woman gives birth that could have a significant effect on mood, which could also cause postpartum depression.

How I Used It:The DSM-IV describes an episode of postpartum depression as the same category as a major depressive episode. Therefore, the information in this article could be used for my article, as most of the information regarding symptoms of postpartum depression could be applied for my research on major depression. This article provided concrete, quantitative evidence that  depression is not entirely “in a person’s head,” as many believe. Therefore, if there is biological evidence supporting the cause of depression, a person cannot be blamed for inducing it. This argument supported my thesis well.

Resource 4:

Henriques, Gregg. “Anxiety and Depression Are Symptoms, Not Diseases.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 26 Mar. 2016, 

Background:The author of this article argues that depression and anxiety are not illnesses in themselves. He emphasizes that they are symptoms of other illnesses. He also says that they hint to an underlying issue.

How I Used It:I used this article for my rebuttal argument. The author’s opinion that depression is not an issue enough to be considered its own illness adds to my argument that people disregard depression as a disorder.

Resource 5:

Hocking, Barbara. “Reducing Mental Illness Stigma and Discrimination — Everybody’s Business.” MJA.

Background:This article discusses the distress that an individual can feel due to an overwhelming stigma against mental illness. In addition, it talks about how the community can work to overcome this issue.

How I Used It:I used this article to learn about what causes the negative stigma regarding mental illness. Resources such as the media and other factors all play a part in how people respond to mental illness. I used this information to further my argument.

Resource 6:

“More than Half of US Adults with Mental Illness Don’t Get Needed Care.” Fox News, FOX News Network,

Background: This article provides the statistics regarding the number of adults with mental illness that do not receive treatment. It chronicles the numerous reasons why an adult with mental illness would opt out of available treatments.

How I Used It:I used this article to discuss the reasons why people with mental illness choose to not receive treatment. Among others, one of the primary reasons that a person does not seek treatment is due to a fear of being judged by others. This idea is explained in detail in this article. This argument serves well to my thesis, as a the negative stigma surrounding mental illness inhibits the well being of someone suffering from a mental illness.

Resource 7:

O’Hara, Michael W. “Postpartum Depression and Child Development.” Google Books, 

Background:This article provides general information about postpartum depression, including what the disorder is and symptoms that come with the illness. It provides the reader with information about a variety of different aspects of the disorder and how it can affect women initially and over time.

How I Used It: Postpartum depression is a type of depression that occurs following childbirth. The symptoms of postpartum depression are mostly all the same as major depressive disorder. Therefore, I could apply the information from this article to my research paper. I think that it is important to provide my reader with a general understanding of what depression is and the symptoms of it. It is not smart to assume that the reader has a background on the topic. Therefore, this article helped me to further my knowledge about the disorder and everything that it entails so that I could  provide detailed and accurate information to the reader.

Resource 8: 

Pinto-Foltz, Melissa D., and M. Cynthia Logsdon. “Stigma Towards Mental Illness: A Concept Analysis Using Postpartum Depression as an Exemplar.” Taylor & Francis, 

Background:Stigmas are a large issue related to mental illness. The impact that negative stigmas have on a person is sometimes severe. People often do not seek treatment for serious health concerns, such as postpartum depression, due to the fear of being judged or accused of having self-inflicted their issues. The author discloses statistics and historical background related to the negative stigmas regarding mental illness and how people are affected by them.

How I Used It:This article assisted me by providing statistical research that has been conducted regarding the social effects of stigmas against mental illness. Although the example illness that is used in this article is postpartum depression, I applied the information to the stigmas against major depressive disorder.

Resource 9:

Pratt, Laura A., and Debra J. Brody. “National Center for Health Statistics.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 Jan. 2010.

Background:This article provides statistical evidence as to the significance of depression in the population.

How I Used It: I used the information in this article to emphasize the prevalence of major depressive disorder in the population. Due to the high prevalence, my argument that negative stigmas are unjust is emphasized.

 

Resource 10:

Susman, David. “8 Reasons Why People Don’t Get Treated For Mental Illness .”

Background: This article provides a list and explanation about why people do not seek treatment for mental illness. In addition, it addresses the issue and proposes things that have been done to try to better the problem.

How I Used It:I used this article to give me more insight into more reasons why people do not seek treatment for mental illness, as there are many. In addition, I found the additional information helpful with how the government is trying to better health care availability for those with mental illnesses such as depression.

 

 

 

Causal Argument – rainbow987

     Negative Stigmas Cause Mental Illness to Intensify

        In a society where mental illness is generally not well understood or accepted, negative stigmas are highly present in daily life. Judgment is passed out like candy on Halloween regarding many different mental disorders, such as depression. In many ways, society blames a person for mental illness. Many people do not recognize disorders, like depression or anxiety, as legitimate illnesses. For example, health care insurance options for mental illness is extremely limited compared to the coverage offered for physical illness, which is discussed in detail by Dr. David Susman, in his article entitled “8 Reasons Why People Don’t Get Treatment For Mental Illness.” He explains that legislation was recently passed by the US Congress to address and correct these concerns, but that many details still need to be fine-tuned. In addition, those who suffer from symptoms of the sort often do not seek any treatment due to lack of resources or a fear of being judged by others. As reported by Fox News in an article entitled “More Than Half of US Adults With Mental Illness Don’t Get Needed Care,” approximately six out of ten young people suffering from major depression do not seek treatment in their life. Without proper treatment, many mental illnesses will develop and worsen over time. The negative stigmas surrounding depression directly impact the quality of life for those dealing with the illness. In many ways, these stigmas cause symptoms of the disorder to develop and intensify.

According to stereotypes and how mental illness has been portrayed throughout history in media, those suffering from a mental health issue are “crazy” or “insane.” The media’s depiction of a “crazy” person often stems from severely abnormal behaviors. The media is a direct factor as to why some people do not respect people dealing with mental illness, which is further explained in Patrick Corrigan’s “On the Stigma of Mental Illness: Practical Strategies for Research and Social Change.” The person who sits by themselves on the subway, mumbling under their breath at no one is “crazy.” Imagine this person, who is very alert and aware of everything going around him. His eyes are wide and he appears to be in a great amount of distress. Physically, he looks to be sweating profusely, and he is tapping his foot very quickly. He continues to mumble and scan his eyes around the subway car. His talking begins to get louder and turns into a shout as he yells at no one. In reaction, the surrounding passengers sense that he is extremely angered and frightened. To them, the man appears to be the exact definition of “crazy.” Upon further psychological inspection, it could be assumed that the man is suffering from delusions and hallucinations. He may have schizophrenia, which is believed to be caused by a mixture of genetics, brain chemistry, and environment. Many of these factors are uncontrollable, and therefore, the man could not control the onset of his illness. The passengers on the subway are judgmental and think that the man is causing a scene. However, the man is ill and cannot be blamed for “looking for attention” or “making up” his symptoms.

Now imagine Jane, who is a young women also sitting on the subway car. She was recently diagnosed with major depressive disorder. However, she is struggling to accept to her diagnosis. While witnessing the events transpose on the subway with the man, she can clearly see the hurtful judgment on the faces of the other passengers. No one seems to be concerned for his wellbeing. Everyone tries to keep their distance and avoid eye contact. This behavior angers Jane. She can sense the cruel thoughts that all of the witnesses have regarding the man. They all think that he is “crazy.” No one acknowledged his behavior as a legitimate mental illness or health risk. Jane compares this man to herself. She does not want to be labeled as “crazy” for her mental illness, so she does everything that she can to keep it a secret, even from her loved ones. She stops receiving treatment and attempts to ignore her symptoms. However, these actions cause Jane to struggle with her emotions and hinders her well being greatly. Her fear of being stigmatized and judged indirectly caused her symptoms of depression to increase.

There are many reasons why a person may not receive treatment for a mental illness. Among these are the fear of being judged and feeling as though they are a failure if they seek treatment. Social constructs in our society cause self doubt when a person is debating seeking help. Factors other than the person’s well being often overpower their health, which should be most important. Approximately 56% of people fail to receive treatment for major depression, for a variety of reasons. However, one of the most influential reasons as to why a person would avoid seeking treatment stems from fear of judgment by others, including family members, close friends, and co-workers. The pressure that many feel to be “perfect” causes many to deny symptoms of mental illness, which can lead to destructive, degenerative behavior. If the negative stigma regarding mental illness did not exist, or even if it was not so severe, many more people would seek treatment for mental health issues. In turn, by receiving proper care, the quality of life for those suffering from mental illness would increase dramatically. For many, treatment would help to reduce symptoms and daily struggles caused by the issue.

As a society, we treat mental illness as a taboo topic. It is not well understood and therefore often misunderstood. There are many negative stigmas surrounding the idea of mental health issues as a whole. Many do not even acknowledge disorders such as depression and anxiety as legitimate illnesses. In addition, those who suffer from mental illnesses are often falsely labeled with hateful and cruel words such as “crazy” or “unstable.” If someone suffers from a mental health issue, society will often blame the person. If someone is depressed, he is causing it himself. If someone is anxious, she is looking for attention. However, these stigmas and stereotypes are spread by ignorance and an overall lack of understanding of mental health. They can cause severe damage to an individual’s well being. Stigmas cast mental illness in a very dark shadow, which causes people to deny many if not all of their symptoms. Over time, the denial of symptoms due to fear of judgment can eventually lead to a decline in mental health when a person has an illness. Negative stigmas regarding mental health directly impacts a person’s management of an illness. These stigmas indirectly cause symptoms to intensify and affect people’s lives negatively.

                                                                         Works Cited

Corrigan, P. W. (Ed.). (2005). On the stigma of mental illness: Practical strategies for       research and social change.“

“More than Half of US Adults with Mental Illness Don’t Get Needed Care.” Fox News, FOX News Network, http://www.foxnews.com/health/2016/10/19/more-than-half-us-adults-with-mental-illness-dont-get-needed-care.html

Susman, David. “8 Reasons Why People Don’t Get Treated For Mental Illness .”

Definition Argument – rainbow987

“Crazy” is Subjective

There are many times in life when a person with a mental illness is subjected to judgment and false accusations. Harsh and ignorant words are often used to describe the person who draws attention due to his abnormal behavior. False claims are often made in regards to mental illness, creating an extremely negative stigma.

In society, it is common vocabulary to refer to someone or something as crazy. The word is used in a variety of settings and scenarios. For example, if a person thought that he was going to score badly on an assessment but actually received a high grade, he may react by saying “That’s crazy!” If an upstanding member of society was convicted of a felony unexpectedly, people would respond similarly. “Crazy” can have many different meanings. Most often, it implies a sense of surprise or alarm.

Sometimes, the word can be used in a derogatory way. Without being politically correct, those with mental illnesses such as depression are often labeled in such a way as to be called crazy. People who are considered crazy are most often different than the mainstream of society. Some are outcasts and some display abnormal behaviors. However, abnormal is subjective. One person’s idea of abnormal could be entirely different than anothers. Abnormality could even be based on cultural differences. For example, in some cultures, it is abnormal for a person to walk inside a house without taking off his or her shoes. It is common to refer to abnormal behavior as crazy. However, different does not equal crazy. Therefore, abnormality does not equal craziness. This definition also explains why it is inaccurate to refer to someone with a mental illness as crazy. However, as stated in “Stigma Towards Mental Illness: A Concept Analysis Using Postpartum Depression as an Exemplar,” mental illness stigma is a serious issue in all cultures and ethnicities.

There are many negative stigmas regarding mental illnesses such as depression. Negative stigmatization of mental illness can be a theoretical death sentence for the self-esteem and confidence of an individual. By spreading a stereotype such as craziness in regards to illness, the problem itself escalates further. For example, discrimination against those suffering from mental illness prompts many people to not seek proper treatment. The fear of being judged by others inhibits their psychological well being as a whole. People often do not seek treatment for serious health concerns due to the fear of being judged or accused of having self-inflicted their issues. As stated in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease in an article entitled “Mental Illness Stigma and Care Seeking,” fifty to sixty percent of people who would benefit from mental health treatment do not seek or receive it. People who suffer from these types of illnesses have to not only deal with the symptoms of the disorder, but they also have to deal with the struggles presented in society. Michael W. O’Hara explains in his article “The Nature of Postpartum Depressive Disorders,” that depression can have a significant effect on a person’s self-esteem. Therefore, the social stigma only worsens these feelings in an individual. They may face discrimination in the workplace or possible judgment in social environments. This negativity is created by the many negative stigmas that revolve around mental illness, and it does nothing but create false perceptions of the disease.

Negative stigmas can lead to hurtful labels, and it can lead to symptoms of loneliness and distress. The common term of calling someone crazy if they are different in any way plays an extremely significant role in the field of mental illness. Calling someone crazy is an ignorant way of looking for causation. Since mental illnesses such as depression are not well understood, it makes people uneasy. Therefore, calling someone crazy is an implication that blame has been assigned. Assigning blame to a mental illness such as depression as a method of reasoning does nothing but worsen possible symptoms and negative feelings that one may be experiencing. It does not make sense that a serious illness that is most often caused by traumatic events or biological chemical changes can be one’s “fault” for having. People are not blamed for illnesses such as cancer or diabetes, such it is unfair that others are blamed for having a mental illness. The lack of knowledge that many have of the illness causes a stigma that those with postpartum depression are “crazy” and looking for attention.

In addition, since many people with mental illness are assigned blame for their feelings, it may cause them to assign blame onto themselves as well. However, such thoughts are backwards and entirely counterintuitive. To be frank, the idea of depression as a whole makes people uncomfortable because it is not well understood. In response to this uneasiness, society attempts to “justify” depressive feelings on the basis of them being insincere. Depression is not brought upon willingly or intentionally by any person, so it is counterintuitive that people feel the need to assign blame for the disorder.

Overall, labeling someone as crazy for an illness is not productive in any way, shape, or form. Negative stigmas revolve around these types of illnesses, which do nothing but worsen the lives of those who suffer from them and their families. It is important that the prejudice and complete discrimination of those suffering from a mental illness stops.

Mental illness, specifically depression, does not have cause for blame in a person. Assigning blame to a mental illness such as depression as a method of reasoning does nothing but worsen possible symptoms and negative feelings that one may be experiencing. It does not make sense that a serious illness that is most often caused by traumatic events or biological chemical changes can be one’s “fault” for having. The lack of knowledge that many have of the illness causes a stigma that those with depression are “crazy” and looking for attention. In addition, many women with the illness are assigned blame for their feelings, which may cause them to assign blame onto themselves as well. However, such thoughts are demented and ignorant. To be honest, the idea of depression as a whole often makes people squirm because it is not well understood.

The stigmas related to the illness are so great that many people feel uncomfortable even talking about them. Therefore, minimal progress has been made to broaden people’s knowledge of mental illness. Instead, in response to this uneasiness, society attempts to “justify” depressive feelings on the basis of them being insincere. Depression is not desired by any person, so it is counterintuitive that people feel the need to assign blame for the disorder. Therefore, assigning blame for depression does nothing but worsen heavily stigmatized thoughts on the disorder as a whole. It is the hope that over time, society will become more accepting of mental illness and all that it entails. Society needs to realize that being different does not make someone less of a person. Discrimination and prejudice related to the topic needs to end.

 

Works Cited

Hocking, Barbara. “Reducing Mental Illness Stigma and Discrimination — Everybody’s Business.” MJA.

O’Hara, Michael W. “Postpartum Depression and Child Development.” Google Books,

Pinto-Foltz, Melissa D., and M. Cynthia Logsdon. “Stigma Towards Mental Illness: A Concept Analysis Using Postpartum Depression as an Exemplar.” Taylor & Francis,

Visual Rhetoric Rewrite–rainbow987

0:02 – In the first image, a group of young people comprised of both males,females, and multiple races are sitting in a room. There is a tan couch and green striped curtains, which could suggest that they are in a living room. The curtains are closed. Therefore, I can infer that it may be nighttime, since the curtains could be preventing people from seeing into the house with the lights on. One of the boys is sitting on a bright pink, large bouncy ball on top of the couch. It is interesting that he is doing this. He looks unsteady, like he could fall very easily. Red solo cups are scattered around the room and in people’s hands, indicating that they are most likely drinking alcohol. I can assume from the balancing act on the couch that the kids are being slightly reckless due to the alcohol in their system. I can also assume that due to the reckless behavior and young age of the people, that the video is suggesting that they are underage. It is most likely illegal for them to be consuming alcohol. There is a guitar in the corner of the room, so one or more of the people in the scene are probably able to play the instrument. There is also a painting on the wall of a person on a skateboard. The painting further suggests that the house is inhabited by young people, since the artwork is rather juvenile.

0:03 – In this image, the boy on the bouncy ball is seen falling off and tumbling towards the ground. It can be assumed that a stuntman was hired to perform this action, since it is highly dangerous. The camera pans out to show more of the room. There is a big mess of red solo cups and food scattered around the room. There is a lamp turned on, which could possibly confirm the theory that it is night time. However, the curtains do not cover a window as previously thought. They cover a door leading to the outside. There are weights on the floor, which suggests that one or more of the people work out. All of the furniture is colorful and vibrant, as well as rather cheesy. The decor indicates that young people live in the residence. The house is either rented or owned by young people, or they are in a “kid’s room” of a house owned by older people. It is also obvious that the get together was planned ahead of time, since there are snacks scattered in bowls around the room.

0:04 – The boy on the bouncy ball completely crashes onto the ground, causing a table filled with food to break. He falls and is seen lying on the ground. White text appears on the screen over top of the scene. It says “PARTY FOUL.” This text is most likely referring to the boy falling on the ground. It was a poor choice to joke around on the bouncy ball, causing the boy to fall. Therefore, it could be considered a party foul. The camera pans out further and you can see another young girl holding a red solo cup, who is most likely underage. She has her hand raised to her face, indicating that she is shocked/surprised. This expression is probably a reaction to the boy falling and breaking the table, which is very unusual typically, but is common for a situation involving drunk teenagers.

0:05 – A new scene appears. A group of young people are sitting around a table, which appears to be in a kitchen or dining room. On the table, there is beer, red solo cups, hot sauce, and a plate that looks like it is filled with spicy peppers. A man in a red checkered shirt and backwards hat is eating the peppers by shoving a lot of them in his mouth at once. A woman is standing near him, dumping hot sauce onto the peppers as he eats them. There is a group of people gathered around the table cheering on the man as he shoves the food into his mouth. It looks like it is night time due to the lighting in the room. Also, you can see the darkness through the transparent brown curtains that are hung up on top of the windows. The lights are clearly on in the room due to the yellow hue. It is most likely summer, since the woman is wearing shorts and a tank top.

0:06 – The man is trying to swallow the peppers while laughing along with everyone. He appears to be struggling. He is sitting on a cushioned bench around a table. He is surrounded by a number of people who are watching him.

0:07 – The man stands up and spits out his food onto the table, creating a mess. The woman next to him opens her mouth wide, showing that she is shocked. You can see a reflection of overhead hanging lights in the windows.

0:08 – The scene is still the same, except more white text appears on the screen that says “PARTY FOUL.” It is obvious the text is in response to the man spitting out his food. It is implied that shoving too much spicy food into his mouth at once was a poor decision. The woman’s facial expression changes from one of surprise to one of concern.

0:09 – A new scene appears. There is a fireplace in the background with alcohol sitting on the ledge. There are people talking around the room. The lighting is dimmed significantly. There is a young man and a young woman in the room. The girl appears to be swinging a golf club. The boy appears to be assisting her. There are also blue solo cups scattered throughout the room, which suggests that they are drinking alcohol. Their actions appear to be very inappropriate for indoors and highly dangerous. Their actions are symbolic of the effects of irresponsible consumption of alcohol.

0:11 – The girl swings the golf club, and it flies out of her hand and lands on the ground. The couple looks surprised and shocked as to what just occurred. In addition, they also look worried that they might have broken a piece of furniture.

0:13 – The camera pans to the wall, showing that the golf club knocked a mirror off the wall. There is a table with two lamps on it. There are also a number of decor items on the table. The room indicates that the people who live there are well off financially. The people around look shocked and worried by their wide eyed expressions. The same white text appears on the screen once again, saying “PARTY FOUL.” Swinging a golf club indoors could be considered a poor decision, prompting the words.

0:14 – The scene changed once again. The camera is above a group of people crowding around a table. There are blue solo cups arranged on the table, suggesting that the group is partaking in a drinking game. There is food on the floor. There is a fireplace and a television, so it is probably a living or family room. There is a juvenile piece of art in the corner of the room, which reads “LOL.” This artwork further suggests that young people reside in the house.

0:15 – The young man that was standing near the table filled with the blue solo cups jumps onto the table, landing on his stomach. He jumped very high in the air, which is shown by the swaying of the overhead lamp after he hit it with his hand. There are people standing and sitting around the room with blue solo cups in hand.

0:16 – The table breaks as the man’s weight lands upon it. The blue solo cups fall onto the floor. The same white text appears on the screen reading “PARTY FOUL.” Once again, this text is referring to the poor decision of the man crashing onto the table.

0:18 – There is a group of young adults outside. It is night time. Everyone is dressed in short sleeves, suggesting that it is summer. There is a man smiling and holding his hand up. It looks like he might be about to give a handshake to the man standing next to him as an introduction. The group of people are standing along a wooden fence. There are two young men and a young woman of a variety of ethnicities.

0:20 – The people start walking in one direction. They are laughing, and it looks like they might be being loud. It is warm outside since the people are dressed in shorts and t-shirts/tank tops.

0:22 – One of the young men takes keys out of his pocket and unlocks a gray car. He and others and walking in the direction of the vehicle. The car lights are on, shining onto a driveway. It is nighttime.

0:24 – The young man walks to the car and pulls open the driver’s door. People are walking around him.

0:25 – The young man is laughing and appears carefree as he gets into the car. There is a young woman getting into the passenger seat. You can see a reflection of a house outdoor light in the car window.

0:27 – The scene is of the young man and woman sitting in the car. They appear to be facing one another while talking. White text appears on the screen that says “underage drinking and driving.”

0:28 – The same scene is in the background. However, new white text appears that says “the ultimate PARTY FOUL.” This message is in reference to the young man. He had obviously been drinking and therefore should not be driving. Therefore, it is an extremely dangerous party foul.

0:31 – The scene fades out and becomes completely black. White text is all that is left on the screen, which reads “ultimatepartyfoul.org.” The words provide a link for a viewer to go to in order to find out more information about underage drinking and driving.

This PSA, entitled “Party Foul,” is about underage drinking and driving. It shows multiple scenarios in which young adults make poor decisions due to the effects of alcohol. These actions are often dangerous. Then, it shows a young man who had been drinking getting into a car to drive, along with a passenger. Words appear on the screen explaining how this is a bad idea while also implying the danger of it.