Category: A14: Annotated Bibliography

Chetty, Raj, and Nathaniel Hendren. “The Equality of Opportunity Project.” The Equality of Opportunity Project. The Equality of Opportunity Project, 1 Aug. 2016. Web. 07 Dec. 2016. <http://www.equality-of-opportunity.org/&gt;.

Background- The Equality of Opportunity Project is headed by Raj Chetty and Nathaniel Hendren, professors at Stanford and Harvard respectively. They have many papers, all of which they publish on their website. Their main focus is on opportunity and they even tackle the idea of the American Dream, albeit they only talk about the idea through pure economic terms. Their data is limited to the US and does not mention other countries.
How I used it- I used their research to determine social mobility in the United States. Using their data, I was able to compare it to data from other sources which had the economic mobility of other countries. This website gave me a lot of insight on why the US has a low relative social mobility, which they believe is caused by income inequality.

Corak, Miles. “Social Mobility and Social Institutions in Comparison Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States.” Economics for Public Policy. Cato Institute, 21 May 2012. Web. 07 Dec. 2016. <https://milescorak.com/&gt;.
Background- Miles Corak is a professor at the University of Ottowa who studies social mobility in some of the richest countries in the world. He posts lectures that he gives on his website for anyone to see. He does a great deal of research on the immigration, the economy and a lot of other social/economic issues.
How I used it- Miles Corak had some of the most extensive comparisons of social mobility between countries that I could find. He updates his findings fairly often. This allowed me to compare the US in terms of social mobility to other countries with data dating back to 2011, which is not as recent as I’d like but, it’s still the most recent study out there.

Gass, Bick. “Poll: Half of Millennials Say the American Dream Is Dead.” POLITICO. POLITICO, 12 Oct. 2015. Web. 13 Dec. 2016. <http://www.politico.com/story/2015/12/poll-millennials-american-dream-216632&gt;.
Background- This article was written to convey the points made in a recent Harvard Institute of Politics poll.
How I used it- While I was able to get limited information from this article alone, it did springboard me to different sources, including the actuall polling data the author writes about.

Hargreaves, Sean. “America’s Economic Mobility Myth.” CNNMoney. Cable News Network, 9 Dec. 2013. Web. 13 Dec. 2016. <http://money.cnn.com/2013/12/09/news/economy/america-economic-mobility/?iid=EL&gt;.
Background- This article talks about the social mobility of the US and focuses on the reasons why we don’t have as great a mobility as other rich countries.
How I used it- I used it to find other sources, but more importantly, I used this article to find reasons why the US is lagging in social mobility and spent a good portion of my paper talking about those reasons and what America can do to change the way things work now.

Isaacs, Julia B. “INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF ECONOMIC MOBILITY.” The Brookings Institute. The Brookings Institute, 28 July 2016. Web. 08 Dec. 2016. <https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/02_economic_mobility_sawhill_ch3.pdf&gt;.
Background- The Brookings Institute is a think tank formed in 1916. They release papers and studies on various topics, in this case, social mobility.
How I used it- There was a lot of data on here that corresponded to or was exactly the same data that Miles Corak used. However, they had the added benefit of breaking down the population by fifths, and looking at how many people in each fifth moved to a different fifth, either up or down. This breakdown was critical in proving my main argument and helped paint a picture of just how bad Americas social mobility is.

Luhby, Tami. “The American Dream Is out of Reach.” CNNMoney. Cable News Network, 4 June 2014. Web. 07 Dec. 2016. <http://money.cnn.com/2014/06/04/news/economy/american-dream/&gt;.
Background- This article contained polling data concerning the American Dream. It focuses on millennials and their disbelief in the dream and how the latest generations are much more pessimistic about it.
How I used it- This poll allowed me to make the critical argument that the American Dream is already very close to dying. If no one believes in it, how can it be achievable? The article also gives me an insight on why so many young people are saying it’s just too good to be true, which allows me address some of their concerns in my paper.

Perez, Esten. “The Institute of Politics at Harvard University.” Harvard IOP Fall 2015 Poll | The Institute of Politics at Harvard University. Harvard Institute of Politics, 10 Nov. 2015. Web. 08 Dec. 2016. <http://iop.harvard.edu/survey/details/harvard-iop-fall-2015-poll&gt;.
Background- The Harvard IOP poll shows the belief the average US citizen has of the American Dream. It broke down it’s data by race and party lines (the latter of which I did not use.)
How I used it- I used it to make help support an argument that I made which claimed that if the American Dream was not dead it was certainly on the decline. I showed how people along all races were losing faith at roughly the same rate.

Seelye, Katharine Q. “What Happens to the American Dream in a Recession?” The New York Times. The New York Times, 07 May 2009. Web. 10 Dec. 2016. <http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/08/us/08dreampoll.html?_r=0&gt;.
Background- This was a poll done by the New York Times that asked people about their version of the American Dream and whether or not it could be achieved.
How I used it- This poll gave me the three set definitions of the American Dream that I talk about in my paper. By taking the three most common answers, I was able to determine what factors I should take into account when determining whther or not the Amrican Dream was dead.

Vasquez, Ian, and Tanja Porcnik. “The Human Freedom Index.” Cato Institute. Cato Institute, 4 Feb. 2016. Web. 07 Dec. 2016. <http://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2016-11-29/these-are-the-freest-countries-in-the-world&gt;.
Background- The Human Freedom Index is a study done every year that rates countries based on the various freedoms it might have. These include social freedom, economic freedoms etc.
How I used it- I used this index to determine that the US is not the best place in the world for freedom. This piece was essential in proving that one of the most popular answers to the question of the American Dream is also on the decline even though some people may not think about it.

Venator, Joanna, and Richard V. Reeves. “Mobility: What Are You Talking About?” Brookings. The Brookings Institute, 28 July 2016. Web. 9 Dec. 2016. <https://www.brookings.edu/blog/social-mobility-memos/2014/06/05/mobility-what-are-you-talking-about/&gt;.
Background- This article is published by the Brookings Institute which is mentioned above. In it, the author talks about the very basics of social mobility and breaks it down into two categories which are relative, and absolute mobility.
How I used it- This article gave me the idea to determine the economic opportunities through social mobility as well as a general knowledge of the subject in a way that was simple for me to understand.

Winship, Scott. “Does the U.S. Have Lower Economic Mobility than Other Countries?” National Review. National Review, 06 July 2015. Web. 10 Dec. 2016. <http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/420794/economic-mobility-united-states-compared-europe-scandinavia&gt;.
Background- This article talks about debunking the various criticisms about the belief that the American Dream is dying.
How I used it- I used it to gather data from other sources which allowed me to find data necesarry to my argument.

Blannelberry, S.H. “New Jersey Slaps Felony Gun Charge on Another Law-Abiding Citizen – GunsAmerica Digest.” GunsAmerica Digest. Fox, 18 Feb. 2016. Web. 07 Dec. 2016. New Jersey Felony Gun Charge

Background: : This source speaks about case where an officer was a victim of a car crash but because of the laws in the state the incident occurred the officer was charged with possession of a firearm.

How I Used It: I used this article in my Definition Argument because the purpose of this would be to show how people have been wrongfully convicted of gun related crimes. Especially when people switch from states with fewer gun restrictions to states with stricter gun restrictions, revealing how common this mishap truly is.

“Gun Control – ProCon.org.” ProConorg Headlines. Pro Con, 28 June 2016. Web. 07 Dec. 2016. Gun Control Pros & Cons.

Background: This article discusses the pros and cons about gun control laws. The article provides pros as to support gun control laws and the cons to go against control laws. The article focuses on each of the 15 pros and cons for gun control by giving an depth reasoning with a good amount of support. 

How I Used It: I used this in my Definition Argument to support my thesis by focusing more about the pros the article provided. By using the pros, the article provided I was able to supply the audience with a wide variety of reasons to back up my thesis. In doing so, I was able to cover a lot more of evidence revolving my thesis instead of just trying to make a little amount of information cover a lot of ground.

Dube, Arindrajit. “Cross-Border Spillover: U.S. Gun Laws and Violence in Mexico | American Political Science Review | Cambridge Core.” Cambridge Core. American Political Science Association, 10 July 2013. Web. 08 Dec. 2016. Cross Over border gun laws and violence between U.S. and Mexico.

Background: This article from American Political Science Association  focuses on the different occasion where U.S. and Mexico have been related with each other in terms of cross border gun laws and violence. The article mentions how Mexico imports through the states that are located in the south of the U.S.

How I Used It: This article was able to support my thesis because the focal point of the article is to show the cross border incidents that occur between U.S. and Mexico. With this article it furthered one point that I stated during my work which was that neighboring states need to compromise in order to better each other and prevent gun violence. Even though U.S. and Mexico are not states the concept still remains because if they were to compromise it could prevent gun violence and stop guns being imported into the U.S. from Mexico.

Goldberg, Jeffery. “The Case for More Guns (and More Gun Control).” The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, Dec. 2012. Web. 10 Dec. 2016. More Guns More Gun Control.

Background: This article discusses how allowing more guns to citizens would continue what has already begun in terms of gun homicide rates. The article provides evidence about how allowing possession of firearms will keep gun homicide rates remain at the lowest it has ever been

How I Used It: This article was crucial in my Rebuttal Argument because it brought up a numerous of points to refute my thesis. I was able to use this article and name a lot of different points with a good amount of evidence that went against my thesis. This article was very helpful because of this and it made my Rebuttal Argument very strong.

Ludwig, Jens. “Concealed-gun-carrying Laws and Violent Crime: Evidence from State Panel Data ☆.” Concealed-gun-carrying Laws and Violent Crime: Evidence from State Panel Data. ScienceDirect, 21 Nov. 1998. Web. 08 Dec. 2016. Concealed gun carrying laws.

Background: This article is a book that I was able to discover the online version and it gives a lengthy description about concealed gun carrying laws and the effects they have had such as decreasing the crime rate, homicide rate.

How I Used It: I used this article because of the amount of the information it possessed. The main purpose this article served for me was for the definition about concealed gun carrying laws and helping understand that law and the effects of this law better.

Miller, Joshua Rhett. “‘Honest Mistake’ Leads to Philly Mother Facing Three Years on Gun Charge.” Fox News. FOX News Network, 16 July 2014. Web. 08 Dec. 2016. Honest Mistake, Mother gets charged 3 years.

Background: This article from Fox News describes how a mother has been charged almost three years for a gun charge when she mistakenly crossed over from Pennsylvania to New Jersey. Originally the mother was pulled over for a traffic violation but once she was pulled over that’s when she was charged with gun related charges and the article went on speaking about this incident.

How I Used It: This article was able to provide evidence that even though we have states recognizing permits from other states, it still needs to improve and this wrongful conviction should not occur.

Perry, Mark J. “Chart of the Day: More Guns, Less Gun Violence between 1993 and 2013.” The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 4 Dec. 2015. Web. 10 Dec. 2016. More Guns Less gun violence between 1993 and 2013.

Background: This article mainly focused on graphs comparing the numbers and revealing how more guns has resulted in less violence and a decrease in homicide rates. This article informs the audience other factors that have affected the decrease of homicide rates and less violence.

How I Used It: This article was able to help me discover a good amount of points that fit perfectly with my Rebuttal Argument. Providing points that not  only opposed my thesis but gave a thorough explanation of how this information was valid and correct.

PÉrez-peÑa, Richard. “Gun Control Explained.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 06 Oct. 2015. Web. 07 Dec. 2016. Gun Control Explained.

Background: This article from The New York Times has helped me understand the definition of gun control, and everything involving gun control such as the state gun control is in at the moment and what law authorities say about gun control and arguments against gun control.

How I Used It: This article gave me a definition for gun control as well as helping me in a crucial way with my Definition Argument because it gave me a definition that covered  a good amount of points putting my thesis in a good position. This article was important because of how the use of this article was a good starting point for my work.

Soften, Kim. “To Reduce Suicides, Look at Guns.” The Washington Post. WP Company, 13 July 2013. Web. 08 Dec. 2016. To Reduce Suicide, Look at Guns.

Background: This article focuses mainly on how guns are the reason suicide rates are where they are because the article proposes in order to reduce suicide rates, people must get rid of or lower the amount of available guns.

How I Used It: This article helped me discover the effects of guns and for some incidents such as suicides the number of gun related suicides compared to non gun related gun suicide. The comparison revealed how guns are the leading cause of suicides by an alarming number.

Star, Tony Cook The Indianapolis. “Is Indiana to Blame for Chicago’s Gun Violence?” USA Today. Gannett Satellite Information Network, 28 Oct. 2015. Web. 07 Dec. 2016. Indiana to Blame for Chicago Gun Violence.

Background: This article from USA Today informs the audience about how President Obama believes that neighboring states with lower gun restrictions have been importing guns into stricter gun states.

How I Used It: This article helped me provide support for my thesis, as well as my Definition Argument and give me insight to points that a further looked into. By reading this article I was able to look for similar articles that mainly focused on points that were mentioned within this article.

1. Bandler, Aaron. “5 Statistics You Need To Know About Cops Killing Blacks.”Daily Wire. N.p., 07 July 2016. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: This article from The Daily Wire mostly discusses the common misconceptions with police officers and black civilians. The 5 points that are presented have to do with black civilians, Hispanic civilians, white/black/Hispanic cops as well as death rate and crime. The author proves with accurate statistics his argument on black hate crime.

How I Used It: I used this article to show case that what we see on the media isn’t the whole truth. I used statistics to show that in fact black civilians aren’t getting shot as much as we are led to believe and that cops are being targeted as well.

2. “Is Biased Media Coverage of Police Shootings of Blacks Creating a False Narrative of an Epidemic of White Racist Cops Murdering Innocent Blacks?” Is Biased Media Coverage of Police Shootings of Blacks Creating a False Narrative of an Epidemic of White Racist Cops Murdering Innocent Blacks? – Quora. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: This article talks about the media and its role in coverage of racist white cops and how they heighten the issue. It talks bout biased media especially African American run media. Finally, it brings up a new concept of justified arrests or killings even from technically innocent people. The article proves that killings by officers in certain situations have been going on for years but have been recently heightened by the news media to direct it in a racism way. It also proves that even with  low population more than half the officers killed have been by African Americans and that most black kills have been on murders and rapists.

How I Used It:  I used this article to back up my concept of media coverage blinding us from the real truth. I also used the article to help explain why people get shot and that it isn’t just “innocent” all the time.

3. “Philando Castile Shooting: What Happened When Filming Stopped?”CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: This article talks about 2 cases in which police are being scrutinized for using excessive force, that is the Sterling case as well as the Castile case. The article talks about what happened after the Castile case when the cameras cut and later that night. We also hear the side of the officers in the Sterling case.

How I Used It: The chose this article because it proves that cops do whatever they can to save victims and help families. Once the cameras cut the officers performed CPR on the victim and tried to save his life, and later that night comforted the family and daughter. This shows they aren’t animals. It also expresses the biggest concern in all of these cases, was the victim truly innocent. It proves in the Sterling case the officers tried many different ways to take him down, but he gave no response and reached for a gun they had no choice but to fire.

4. “Media & Racism.”Media & Racism. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: This article chronicles the case of Zachory Hammond an unarmed white male that was shot to death by police officers.

How I Used It: The main reason I chose this article is to show that a case like that of Hammond isn’t publicized enough because it doesn’t fit the racial standard. Many people don’t know about it because it’s a white death. It is easy to create tension and stir things up if the victim is of a different race. Therefore, it’s just another way of how the media manipulates the public into thinking just African Americans are being killed by officers.

5. “Police Shootings and Race.”The Washington Post. WP Company, n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: Article gives substantial statistics of police shootings and racial involvement as well as the crime rate of races that are being killed.

How I Used It: I used this article to help argue that measurements should be made off of crime rate rather than race because crime rate is the deciding factor to where and how many officers are stationed in certain places Statistics show that most crime ridden places are towns with large minority classes. This helped me make my case that police aren’t trying to racially profile African Americans. It is not their fault they are stationed in crime ridden areas that happen to be mostly African American.

 

6. Staff-, TNO. “New FBI Crime Figures Confirm: Black Towns Most Dangerous, White Areas Safest – The New Observer.”The New Observer. N.p., 04 Dec. 2014. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: This article gives us a lot of statistics about inner cities, crime rate, poverty and arrests. The article is from FBI records as well.

How I Used It: I used the statistics in the article to prove my point further that in fact minority neighborhoods have the highest crime rate and most arrests. I used it to once again show that officers are stationed there against their will and that they are there just to do their job. Finally, I used this article to showcase another problem that is a catalysts for the race tensions and that is the struggle of poverty.

7. Definitions.com

Background: A website to get definitions of terms.

How I Used It: I used it to make sure I had the right definitions for the vast amount of terms I was using that I was not 100% familiar with.

8. French, David. “The Numbers Are In: Black Lives Matter Is Wrong about Police.” National Review. National Review, 28 Jan. 2016. Web. 07 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article talks about Movements such as “Black Lives Matter” and how their reasons behind protesting are false. Also talks about how police use force mainly for protection or to protect others.

How I Used It: I used the article to back up my claim that these protesters are irrational and ill-informed. Also used some of the statistics to show how rare a police shooting on an unarmed victim really is.

9. http://www.pbs.org/race/000_About/002_04-background-03-08.htm

Background: Talks about poverty and where race lives in the inner city.

How I Used It: I used this to help prove my point that racism, and police brutality isn’t the only problem out there. Poverty is a huge reason why crime is committed just to stay alive. Helps prove my point that we as a society need to look at the larger picture to why things happen rather than pointing fingers and yelling.

10. Bruer, Wesley. “Violent Crime Rising in US Cities, Study Finds.”CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article talks about crime rising in inner-cities for the past couple of years. Also talks about the African American communities struggle with crime and homicide.

How I Used It: Used the article to help me explain how dangerous the inner-cities are. Also to showcase how much crime actually goes on and how many people are killing each other. This helps justify the reasons behind such high arrests and shootings from cops.

 

Adherents.com. (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2016, from http://www.adherents.com/
Background: This page gives information on the number and kinds of religions around the world
How I Used It: I used it as a source for naming how many recognized religions exist

MailOnline, R. O. (2015, December 22). Religion has been causing conflicts for more than 2,000 years: Rather than binding ancient societies together, belief systems may have torn them apart in Mesoamerica. Retrieved December 01, 2016, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3370189/Religion-causing-conflicts-2-000-years-binding-ancient-societies-belief-systems-torn-apart-Mesoamerica.html
Background: The article offers some insight on the history of conflicts caused by religion.
How I Used It: I cited this website when specifying how long religious conflict had been prevalent in society.

Jefferson’s Letter to the Danbury BaptistsThe Final Letter, as Sent. (n.d.). Retrieved December 02, 2016, from https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9806/danpre.html
Background: An online form of the library of congress
How I Used It: This is where I obtained a copy of Thomas Jefferson’s letter to the Danbury Baptist Church and used it as support when explaining the true meaning of the First Amendment.

Cain, C. (2016, May 09). Republicans Turn God Upside Down with Their Twisted Version of Religious Liberty. Retrieved December 01, 2016, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/cody-cain/republicans-turn-god-upsi_b_9857402.html
Background: This article in the Huffington Post is written from the point of view that republicans have warped the meaning of religious freedom to best suit their needs.
How I Used It: This article gave various examples of what the concept of religious freedom is supposed to protect and the history of religious freedom in America.

Impact of 9/11 on Muslim Americans. (n.d.). Retrieved November 29, 2016, from http://www.soundvision.com/article/impact-of-911-on-muslim-americans
Background: This article was written to explain how Muslim Americans were affected by the events of 9/11.
How I Used It: It gave specific statistics on the number of muslims experiencing discrimination and abuse in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks and how those numbers have fluctuated.

Mission. (2016). Retrieved December 01, 2016, from https://www.tsa.gov/about/tsa-mission
Background: This website offers background on the inception and history of the TSA.
How I Used It: It explained why the TSA was created and what they’re mission is, which is to “Protect the nation’s transportation systems to ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce.”

After 9/11: ‘You no longer have rights’ – extract. (2011, September 02). Retrieved December 03, 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/02/after-9-11-muslim-arab-american-stories
Background: This article tells the stories of three Muslim Americans who faced discrimination in the wake of 9/11.
How I Used It: I explained the story of one of the people in the article to offer insight into the kind of discrimination faced by Muslim Americans across the country.

You are being redirected… (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2016, from http://archive.adl.org/religion_ps_2004/religion.html
Background: The covers the topic of what pertaining to religion is permissible in the school setting.
How I Used It: It explained the difference between teaching religion and teaching about religion as well as offer examples of what practices and conversations may or may not be allowed

Why Religion Should Not Be Taught in Public Schools – Olivia Godfrey. (2013, September 23). Retrieved December 02, 2016, from http://knightlyherald.com/why-religion-should-not-be-taught-in-public-schools-olivia-godfrey/
Background: This is an article written by Olivia Godfrey on why she believes religion should not be talked about in school.
How I Used It: This gave details and insight into why people would oppose my argument and helped me to rephrase my statements in a way that would allow me to address my audience in a more effective way.

Marzano, R. J. (n.d.). Chapter 2. A Brief History of Supervision and Evaluation. Retrieved December 03, 2016, from http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/110019/chapters/A-Brief-History-of-Supervision-and-Evaluation.aspx
Background: This article was written on the history of how teachers were appointed and evaluated.
How I Used It: The importance of properly evaluating teachers cannot be overstated. I used it in reference to the process by which teachers are evaluated to reassure people that the question of the integrity of our teachers does not require a complex answer.

Kilman, C. (2007, Fall). One Nation, Many Gods. Retrieved November 25, 2016, from http://www.tolerance.org/magazine/number-32-fall-2007/feature/one-nation-many-gods
Background: The website, aptly named Teaching Tolerance, tells the story of the Modesto School District, which I heavily reference in my paper.
How I Used It: The story explained in the article is central to my argument on why making a world religions course mandatory in public schools is not only important but also possible.

1. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.

Background: India is the fastest growing economy in the world but keeping up with the competition is a tricky thing.

How I use it: I used this article to show a comparison between Chinese and Indian Economy in my paper since they are considered biggest competitors.

2. Pti. “India’s Growth Rate to Accelerate to 8-10% in 2-5 Years: CEA Arvind Subramanian.” The Economic Times. N.p., 26 Feb. 2016. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.

Background: The Economic Advisor predicts the growth of India in the coming years

How I use it: I used this article to provide the estimated growth of India in the next 2-5 years in my research paper.

3. Fensom, Anthony. “China, India To Lead World By 2050, Says PwC.” The Diplomat. The Diplomat, 12 Feb. 2015. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.

Background: Asia’s powerhouse economies are predicted to be dominant by mid-century.

How I use it: This article provides evidences why India is predicted to overtake china, this evidence makes my argument stronger.

4. “Poverty & Equity.” Poverty & Equity Data | India | The World Bank. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: World Bank provides statistics of poverty in India.

How I use it: I used these statistics in my paper to give an estimate of poverty in India.

5. Media, Triami. “Historic Inflation India – CPI Inflation.” Historic Inflation India – Historic CPI Inflation India. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: The historic Indian Inflation rate based upon consumer price index (CPI).

How I use it: This article helped me get an overview of the change in the inflation rate of India in the recent years.

6. President, BCG Senior Vice. “Direct/indirect Employment IT Industry India 2008-2016 | Statistic.” Statista. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: The statics shows the amount of employment opportunities created by the Indian IT sector in 2008-2016.

How I use it: This article helped me demonstrate how many jobs IT industry has been able to create in India and How it is a major contributor of the Indian economy.

7.“Brand India.” IT Industry in India, Indian Information Technology, ITeS Sector, Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: India has become the top destination for IT companies around the world.

How I use it: This article helped me demonstrate the growth of IT sector in India and how it is influencing Indian economy.

8. “World Bank Says India Faces Stark Digital Divide – Times of India.” The Times of India. Business, 10 May 2016. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: Digital Revolution in India has brought a digital gab between the rural and the urban India.

How I use it: This article helped me shows how Indian cities are advancing with the development in digital technology and how villages are left behind and neglected.

9. August 29, 2014 International Agricultural Trade Reports. “India’s Agricultural Exports Climb to Record High.” India’s Agricultural Exports Climb to Record High | USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: India’s Agricultural Exports Climb to Record High.

How I use it: This article helped me provide data on how the agriculture Industry in India contributes to the economy and how majority of people are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood.

10. “Farmer Population Falls by 9 Million in 10 Years – Times of India.” The Times of India. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: More and more farmers are opting out of farming.

How I use it: This article helped me demonstrate how farmers in India are opting out of farming because of the lack of resources.

Annotated Bibliography

1.Head, M. L. “The Extent and Consequences of P-Hacking in Science.” The Extent and Consequences of P-Hacking in Science. PLoS Biol, n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article analyzes the many different ways that scientific studies can be changed. From the bias of selection or the File-drawer effect and the concept of inflation (also known as p-hacking) Other methods of “unethical” methods of publishing is conducting analyses midway through experiments to decide whether to continue collecting data a, using many response variables and deciding which to report in the post-analysis and whether to include or drop outliers post analyses, excluding, combining, or splitting treatment groups post analysis stopping data exploration if an analysis yields a significant p-value manipulating the given data to see what correlatesAre false positive.

How I Used It: I derived many of the different implications and methods that scientists can use to have control over the study which should be influenced by the scientist. I also defined the many different methods and cited the article’s definition of publication bias.

2. Rosenthal, Robert. “The File Drawer Problem And Tolerance For Null Results.” Psychological Bulletin 86.3 (1979): 638-641. PsycARTICLES. Web. 15 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article delved deep into the bias known as the file Drawer problem and discussed in depth the implication that null results of studies that are not published to studies that are. Through mathematical computation, Robert Rosenthal found the ratio of how many ‘stored away’ studies it would take to make the significant data significant.

How I Used It: I primarily used this article for its analysis of the file drawer bias. I cited their definition and learned about the implications that both caused the bias and what the bias causes.

3.Aschwanden, Christie. “Science Isn’t Broken.” FiveThirtyEight. N.p., 19 Aug. 2016. Web. 15 Nov. 2016.

Background: This web article delves deep to the utilization of  p-hacking and its process. It describes the potential of how the system where scientific studies are produced can be abused and how the scientific community itself understand that there is a problem. The author also speaks about how p-hacking is not innately evil but is caused due to bias. The article then describes the process of retracting statements and analyzed the situation as a whole and what it means for the scientific community

How I Used It: I used this article for describing in depth the process of p-hacking and what it can do. I also learned about the hardships that scientists have to undergo through and how biases can easily occur. This article also gave ideas of the rebuttal, as the author described that the p-hacking should not be considered as evil

4. Nielsen, MD Bodil. “Association of Funding and Conclusions in Randomized Drug Trials.“Association of Funding and Conclusions in Randomized Drug Trials. The JAMA Network, 20 Aug. 2003. Web. 01 Dec. 2016.

Background: A study that analyzed the correlation between the type of funding a study received and the influence on if it made a noticeable impact on the number of positive studies made. This study took 370 randomly selected papers that tested a pharmaceutical drug and found what type of funding it received and if the study gave a positive result. They concluded that the studies that were funded by for-profit organizations  ended up more likely to publish in favor of the drug.

How I Used It: I used this study to show the relationship between corporation funding and studies. This I showed how this relationship favors the businesses as drugs that should not be verified as beneficial are now being verified due to the corporation’s influence.

5.

Turner, Erick H. “Selective Publication of Antidepressant Trials and Its Influence on Apparent Efficacy — NEJM.” New England Journal of Medicine. N.p., 17 Jan. 2008. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

Background: A study from in 2008 when the FDA that took replication tests  for 74 studies that proved the effectiveness of numerous FDA-registered antidepressants. They retested the published antidepressants and compared their results to the published results. Overall, a majority of the replications were found to be not positive.

How I Used It: I used this study to describe how often and easy it is for untrue claims to be able to be published. This simultaneously showed the strength and potency of replication tests.

6. “Vioxx Recall – Merck and FDA.” DrugWatch. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article discusses the massive controversy for the drug Vioxx, a prescription painkiller. This drug was spread as quickly as possible but was eventually found that this drug more than doubled the risk of heart attacks and death. This massive controversy brought to light the issues with the publishing system and the FDA corruption.

How I Used It: I used this article to showcase the very real and prevalent issues that bias in scientific studies can cause. This also showcases how fallible the FDA is even though it was supposed to regulate problems to prevent issues like Vioxx created.

7.Hampton, Phil. “Pressure to ‘publish or Perish’ May Discourage Innovative Research, UCLA Study Suggests.” UCLA Newsroom. N.p., 08 Oct. 2015. Web. 018 Nov. 2016

Background: The web article from UCLA discussed the lack of innovation from scientific studies and how a study quantified it. The study led by Jacob Foster analyzed a database of more than 6.4 million papers and analyzed papers for 1934 to 2008. Foster found that there has been a drastic decrease in innovation overall. Then they attempt to explain why the decrease has occurred, mentioning issues such as the need to consistently publish.

How I Used It: I used this article/study to demonstrate how narrow  the options a scientist can take really take. I also used this to describe how the lack of innovation can yield even bigger issues in the future.

8.

Hutt, Peter Barton. “Untangling the Vioxx-Celebrex Controversy: A Story about Responsibility.“Tran, Lan. N.p., 4 May 2005. Web. 18 Nov. 2016.

Background: A complete in- depth review of the issues the drug Vioxx had. This article lists every interaction Vioxx legally had and supplies a response for each event. It goes from the approval process how the FDA approves drugs, to Merck’s inevitable withdrawal of Vioxx

How I Used It: I used this article by explicitly describing the process of how the FDA approves a drug and how it failed to deny Vioxx with its very harmful side effects. This allowed me to refute the idea that the FDA can complete prevent the consequences of bias studies.

9.

https://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/lancet-retracts-wakefield-article/

Novella, Steven. “The Lancet Retracts Andrew Wakefield’s Article « Science-Based Medicine.” The Lancet Retracts Andrew Wakefield’s Article « Science-Based Medicine. N.p., 03 Feb. 2010. Web. 25 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article talks about Andrew Wakefield’s  controversial study that there was a relation between the measles vaccination and the development of autism. There were many people authors for the study and the article discussed how they officially renounced the study due to the many implications that the test made. The journal then celebrates and discusses how the journal that originally published the study, Lancet, denounced the study.

How I Used It: I used this study to prove the point that even though a completely biased study was taken down for almost every reason possible, the study still has a large effect to this day.

10.

Altman, D. G. “The Scandal of Poor Medical Research.” The Scandal of Poor Medical Research | The BMJ. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: This article showcases and reasons why scientists are publishing studies that have noticeably dropped in quality.

How I Used It: This article familiarized me with the atmosphere that scientist face and the hardships that the scientists must work through in their field.

11.”Hypothesis Testing (cont…).” Hypothesis Testing – Significance Levels and Rejecting or Accepting the Null Hypothesis. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: This web article explained the processes of how a study is found. This explains the definitions of keywords such as null hypothesis and p-value.

How I Used It: This article was used as a reminder for the information that I previously learned.

12.

Peng, Roger. “A Simple Explanation for the Replication Crisis in Science.” A Simple Explanation for the Replication Crisis in Science · Simply Statistics. N.p., 24 Aug. 2016. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: This article discussed the idea of looking at previous studies to reprove what the study accomplished and why there is a lack of them.  It discusses what these test actually can infer and its extent on previous studies. It also spoke about how it is much harder than it seems to replicate the studies perfectly as many different factors contribute to the overall data.It also mentions the lack of incentive to do these replication test

How I Used It: This article allowed me to further understand what a replication test entails for science as a whole and its limitations. Overall this article emphasized the importance of replication studies to keep and why there is a lack of them

13.

Fanelli, Daniele. “Do Pressures to Publish Increase Scientists’ Bias? An Empirical Support from US States Data.” Do Pressures to Publish Increase Scientists’ Bias? An Empirical Support from US States Data. N.p., 21 Apr. 2010. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background:This article analyzes the biases that studies faces and compares studies to calculate whether or not the pressure to publish altered the data in any way.

How I Used It: This familiarized me with many different types of biases and the atmosphere that the scientists are in. It also proved that there is a relationship, which helps my thesis.

14.

“Who Pays for Science?” Who Pays for Science? N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2016.

Background: An article that explains where funding for scientific studies come from and the potential for studies to be altered due to money.

How I Used It: I used this article to understand the payment method for studies and where issues can arise at.

15.https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/as-drug-industrys-influence-over-research-grows-so-does-the-potential-for-bias/2012/11/24/bb64d596-1264-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story.html

Background: This was an article that lists the negative side that pharmaceuticals have and how much influence the organizations have to get away. It lists numerous different controversy and explains the reasoning of how this power shift came to be

How I Used It: This article familiarized me with how prevalent the corruption of the pharmaceutical companies is. This article also gave me an example that I eventually used in my essay

 

 

Yaozong Ma. “Apple’s Conundrum: The Immutability of Liberty vs. Security.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Review | IJHSSR. 8 Oct 2016. Web. 8 Nov 2016. <http://www.ijhssrnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/2.pdf >.

Background: This article talks about the scenario that was conducted when Federal Government wanted to access information on IPhone but they needed Apple support to override the security. However, Apple maintains to hold their stance of not exposing information to public because it would be a violation of privacy.

How I use it: I used this information to approach as my stance of how the government can be corrupt. Also, gives me factual support to make my reasoning stronger.

Craig Timberg and Greg Miller. “FBI blasts Apple, Google for locking police out of phones.” Columbia Public Schools / Home. 25 Sep . Web. 8 Nov 2016. <http://www.cpsk12.org/cms/lib8/MO01909752/Centricity/Domain/5012/FBI%20blasts%20Apple%20Google%20for%20locking%20police%20out%20of%20phones.pdf

Background: This article states that how other companies are creating forms of smartphone encryption to secure from law enforcements. Apple and Google have already started to conduct this form on their latest smartphones. Apple and other companies want users to be safe and keep their privacy than taken away by the law.

How I use it: This is a very good article I would say because it’s not just Apple facing this problem it other cellular phone services are now being expose too.

Felix Wu. “Law and Technology No Easy Answers in the Fight Over iPhone Decryption .” Sep 2016. Web. 10 Nov 2016. <http://static1.squarespace.com/static/52095f5de4b0bc18c96d1924/t/57d6075944024343d19e1fc5/1473644381121/Wu+-+2016+-+No+easy+answers+in+the+fight+over+iPhone+decryption%282%29.pdf&gt;.

Background: Thoroughly explaining how the FBI took this event to trial. We can see how the FBI is desperate and they need legal matters to accommodate them. The FBI has forgotten that it unconstitutional of invading someone privacy. Apple is countering them with this stance.

How I use it: I used this article in my essay of how Apple reasoning was valid on how the exposure of privacy is unconstitutional.

Rebecca Knight. “National Security or Consumer Privacy? A Question Even Siri Couldn’t Answer.” University of Cincinnati College of Law Scholarship and Publications | University of Cincinnati College of Law Research. Sep 2016. Web. 10 Nov 2016. <http://scholarship.law.uc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=ipclj&gt;.

Background: Rebecca Knight manufactured a proposition on her stance; she speaks of how the government is corrupt in her essay.

How I use it: I used her proposition as example of how she manages to bring attention to the readers. I looked for the similarities and differences to our points.

Bohyun Kim. “Cybersecurity and digital surveillance versus usability and privacy .” College & Research Libraries News . 2016. Web. 12 Nov 2016. <http://crln.acrl.org/content/77/9/442.full&gt;.

Background: The article opens with the debates of Cyber security vs problem. One of the debates is Cybersecurity vs Privacy. The debate talks about how the people use technology every day is being monitored twenty-four seven. And gradually questions readers about if privacy actually exists or not.

How I use it: It makes my Casual Argument stronger because the claims that were given.

Staff, Digital Trends. “Apple vs. The FBI: A complete timeline of the war over tech encryption.” Digital Trends. Digital Trends, 3 Apr. 2016. Web. 5 Nov. 2016.http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/apple-encryption-court-order-news/

Background: 

This article helps me understand the case better. There is a list the events that occurred during that time frame.

How I use it: I used this to explain the case more specifically because some other articles were more direct. Hidden information may be lost with other website; however this one was detail in my opinion.

Nakashima, Ellen. “FBI Paid Professional Hackers One-Time Fee to Crack San Bernardino IPhone.” Washington Post. Washington Post, 12 Apr. 2016. Web. 10 Nov. 2016.https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fbi-paid-professional-hackers-one-time-fee-to-crack-san-bernardino-iphone/2016/04/12/5397814a-00de-11e6-9d36-33d198ea26c5_story.html?utm_term=.51a5b025adcc

Background: The article is about of how FBI hired professional hackers to hack IPhone.

How I use it: This provides me try incorporate in my essay of how the FBI is desperate and wants justice.

Stavridis, Admiral Jim. “Apple Vs. FBI Is Not about Privacy Vs. Security — It’s about How to Achieve Both.” Huffington Post. The Huffington Post, 8 Mar. 2016. Web. 15 Nov. 2016.http://www.huffingtonpost.com/admiral-jim-stavridis-ret/apple-fbi-privacy-security_b_9404314.html

Background: Talks about how Privacy and Security and be form together.

How I use it: This information I could talk about but its bias information and I can not use it to my advantage.

Hollister, Sean, et al. How an iPhone became the FBI’s public enemy no. 1 (FAQ). CNET, 20 Feb. 2016. Web. 15 Nov. 2016.https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-versus-the-fbi-why-the-lowest-priced-iphone-has-the-us-in-a-tizzy-faq/

Background: Apple has an enemy which the FBI. Certain cases like this FBI will try to attack Apple because there are so many consumers use IPhone.

How I use it: It will be incorporate in my casual argument and explain with further detail.

Modhy, Karrishma. “Apple Vs FBI: Here’s Why Google, Microsoft, Facebook and Others Side with Tim Cook – Tech2.” News & Analysis. TechFirstpost, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 20 Nov. 2016.

Background: Shows support from other companies in Tim Cook vs FBI. Tim cook is not alone there is team backing him up.

How I use it: To use information that Apple is not alone, third parties rising to this case.

1. Fogelholm, M., et al. “Parent-child relationship of physical activity patterns and obesity.” International journal of obesity 23 (1999): 1262-1268.

Background:  This article explains the relationship between parents and their children.  This article goes on to explain how bad habits are formed and continued.  This article goes on to show that the media attacks children more than adults which ultimately affect the adults in the long run.

How I used it:  I used this article to show the parent to child relationship. This relationship is one of the most difficult to understand as every relationship is different.  This article is a scholarly source I retrieved from google scholar that helped me better comprehend other information I received from other sources.

2. Lobstein, Tim, and Rachel Jackson-Leach. “Child overweight and obesity in the USA: prevalence rates according to IOTF definitions.” International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2.1 (2007): 62-64.

Background:  This article talks about obesity found in children in the USA.  This source helps strengthen my argument as it supports my argument that obesity is a big problem we face in America today.

How I used it:  I used this article to strengthen my own.  Childhood obesity is a problem that could be easily resolved with the help of their parents.  Without proper guidance we continue to fall into the same consistent bad eating habits which end up getting brought down onto their children.

3.  Locard, Elisabeth, et al. “Risk factors of obesity in a five year old population. Parental versus environmental factors.” International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders: journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 16.10 (1992): 721-729.