1. Lt. Gen. Clarence E. McKnight, Jr. The Huffington Post “The U.S. Should Intervene in Syria in a Big Way” September 2015. November 11 2016. Web

Background: This article describes the problems that is occurring in Syria, and what each country is doing to intervene with the situation. It focuses on the problem with these Syrians coming into the U.S.

How I used it: I used this article to help support my claims that we should not get involved with Syria. But also I used this article as a counter argument and how his ideas I used as a rebuttal to help support my claims, and how attacking Syria would lead to more problems.   

2. Spencer, Richard. The Telegraph “How Syria and the bloody conflict has torn the UN Security Council apart” October 7 2015. November 11 2016. Web

Background: This article describes the United Nations idea and position on this problem since they were ultimately created to help prevent wars and promise a better future for the people.

How I used it: I used this article to help support my claim that other countries are getting involved with Syria. While reading this I found that there would be more problems with outside countries also getting involved, due to different idea on how to handle the situation, by The U.S getting involved they may start more problems with China Russia and many other superpowers around the world.

3. Youssef, Nancy. The Daily Beast “U.S admits it Bombed Syrian Troops.”  Sep 18 2016. Nov 20. 2016. Web

Background: This article describes the failed attempt The U.S had on attacking Syria and how it really benefited terrorism instead of destroying them.

How I used it: I used this article by helping me explain how attacking them would cause more problems for The U.S rather than preventing the problem.  As it said so in the article it goes on to say it builds up ISIS’ confidence and made them feel stronger by such an awful attack. So instead of making the opponent feel down the attack made them feel better.

4. Riffkin, Rebecca. Gallup “Americans Name Terrorism as No. 1 U.S. Problem” November 3 2016. December 14 2015. Web

Background: In this article it describes the citizens biggest problem, as well as a survey to describe what the people fear is the biggest problem that is occurring in The U.S. It focuses on the people’s idea rather then the government and gives the people a voice of a problem.

How I used it: I used this article to give me an idea of what the percentage is that the people believe to be the biggest problem in The U.S and by doing so I got a better idea on what fears the citizens have. I learned that one in every six citizens feared terrorism and by the ratio, by doing so I was able to focus my attention of problems that are occurring now in days with our country and terrorism.

5. Fantz, Ashley. CNN “ More than half the nation’s governors say Syrian refugees not welcome” november 3 2016. November 2015. Web

Background: This article is about why Syrian refugees are not welcomed in the U.S the problems that they cause and occur while having them in our borders.

How I used it: I used this article by providing information about The U.S and how individual state feel about letting Syrians into the country and the problems that each of these states feel could be a problem. By looking into this article I was able to find that a majority of the states can agree that they want nothing to do with the Syrian people. Based on the attacks around the world that have occurred in the past few years also helps solidify the reasons for these states decisions.

6. Rosenthal, Max. Mother Jones “Here’s What Republicans Don’t Get About Refugees” November 3 2016. November 17 2015. Web

Background: This article is about the actual Syrian refugees entering countries with a false passport and how they are getting into certain countries so easily.

How I used it: This article helped me get information on how these Syrians are getting into these countries with false passport. I used this article as a counter argument such as how Obama claimed every country is taking extra precaution on who they are letting in, but if that’s the case how is there still Syrian refugees coming in with fake passports. This just helps prove that if the government can’t be 100% positive on who they let in then the Syrians shouldn’t be aloud here at all.

7. Miller, Jake. CBS “How do Americans feel about U.S. involvement in foreign crises?” Sep 14, 2014. Oct 30,2016. Web                                                   

Background: This article is about how the citizens of America feel about getting involved with any foreign affair at all. Which includes the results of most Americans to stay out of foreign affiliations.

How I used it: I learned the percentages of the American people and how they feel about the idea of foreign affairs. Based off the results many felt that even though The U.S is considered to be the strongest military they people still felt that they should let other countries deal with there own problem for which the citizens rather have other problems fixed in The U.S before getting involved elsewhere.

8. Sanger, David. The New York Times “Donald Trump Likely to End Aid for The Rebels Fighting Syrian Government.”  Nov. 18 2015. Nov 19 2016. Web                                                   

Background: This article is based off president to be Donald Trump and his ideas on the conflict going on in Syria, as well as his idea to stop aiding Syria and pull American troops out of the country.

How I used it: From this article I was able to show the outside conflict that occurs while getting involved with Syria such as problems with Russia in particular. In the article Trump explains and believes that The U.S doesn’t need to get involved because there is the likes of Russia and Iran who are getting involved who he believes can turn the tide around and end the problems going on there.

9. Berman, Russell. The Atlantic “Can ISIS Terrorists Really Infiltrate The Syrian Refugee Program?” Nov 18 2015. Nov 20 2016. Web.

Background: This article is about the refugees that The U.S has let in since 9/11 and how there were some refugees that got caught doing terrorist acts and planning attacks.

How I used it: I discussed how we don’t have a perfect government who catch every little problem that goes on and do make many errors, which could be a terrorist attack. If the U.S has already caught refugees planning attacks there is a good chance that some have gotten away and never been caught yet. So The U.S is aware of making mistakes of letting in terrorist refugees and if they know that, then they might as well protect the people as much as they can from the errors they made which would be closing borders for these refugees. 

10.  Amanpour, Christiane. CNN. ” Passport Linked to Terrorist Complicates Syrian Refugee Crisis” Nov 15 2015. Nov 20 2016. Web                                                                                               

Background: This article is about how the bombing that occurred in France was based off a mistake that the French made by letting in a terrorist refugee.

How I used it: France learned the hard way of making a mistake even though they did end up checking the passport and realizing it was a fake, but it was after the damage was occurred. The French people lost many loved one that could have been avoided by proper testing of passports or completely blocking borders. The U.S should learn by other countries mistakes and realize more is at risk then letting in these refugees, the life of their own citizens are now at risk by letting a single terrorist refugee in.

Annotated Bibliography

1.Boles, Myde, et al. “Ability of a mass media campaign to influence knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about sugary drinks and obesity.” Preventive medicine 67 (2014): S40-S45.

Background: This article discusses the relationship media has with the way people act. The article shows that when the media shows a group of people how bad sugary drinks are they become more informed and then change behaviors. In this specific study they talk about a study done in Oregon where they informed people about how bad sugary drinks are for you and how this campaign helped the people in the area become more knowledgeable and how a large portion of these people stated they would change their ways.

How I used It: I used this source in my research paper to help show how mass media campaigns like the one in this article can be used to educate Americans on the affects sugary drinks have on their health.

2.Cespedes, Andrea. “Benefits of Sports Drinks Like Gatorade and Powerade.” Leaf Group, 09 June 2015. Web. 04 Dec. 2016

Background: This article talks about the positive benefits of sports drinks. The author discusses the benefits of electrolytes, carbohydrates and when is a good time to drink these beverages. The article offers vague information and leaves the reader to interpret alot.

How I used It: I used this article in my rebuttal argument as well as my research paper to help prove the point that Americans are lead to believe certain things because of the vagueness associated with different health claims.

3.“Childhood Obesity Causes & Consequences.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 June 2015. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article talks about the influence community involvement has on societies behaviors and how that impacts childhood obesity. When it comes to the community’s involvement a lot of causes are based around food. At the end of the article it discusses health risks of childhood obesity.

How I used it: I used this article to show a fact about how many children consume sugary drinks in my definitional argument. I used one of the overwhelming statistics on sugary drinks to help show that sugary drinks are a problem but lacks the complete definition of a sugary drink.

4.“Childhood Obesity Facts.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Nov. 2016. Web. 30 Nov. 2016

Background: The Center for Disease Control released statistics based on Childhood Obesity in 2011-2014.

Facts from the CDC

• The prevalence of obesity has remained fairly stable at about 17% and affects about 12.7 million children and adolescents.
• Overall obesity prevalence among children whose adult head of household completed college was approximately half that of those whose adult head of household did not complete high school (9% vs 19% among girls; 11% vs 21% among boys) in 1999–2010.
• Obesity prevalence was the highest among children in families with an income-to-poverty ratio of 100% or less (household income that is at or below the poverty threshold), followed by those in families with an income-to-poverty ratio of 101%–130%, and then found to be lower in children in families with an income-to-poverty ratio of 131% or larger (greater household income).

How I used it: I used this article in my causal argument and research paper to help readers see how many people are affected by childhood obesity.

5.Gillis, Linda J., and Oded Bar-Or. “Food away from home, sugar-sweetened drink consumption and juvenile obesity.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition22.6 (2003): 539-545.

Background: This article discusses the relationship between people’s diets and their weight. They complete a study in which they found that obese children consume more meat, grains, sugary drinks, and processed food, while also lacking fruits and vegetables in everyday diets. It also talks about the effects that eating out has on the food consumption of children.

How I used it: I used this article to help support the direct correlation between obesity and sugary drink intake based on their study.

6.Go, A. S., D. Mozaffarian, and V. L. Roger. “Sugar-sweetened beverages initiatives can help fight childhood obesity.” circulation 127 (2013): e6-e245.

Background: This article discusses an option for lowering sugary drink consumption by taxing it and shows how it will also help the economy. They also define sugary drinks into types of beverages and talk a little bit about why it is so bad for you.

How I Used it: I used this cite to add onto my definition for my definitional argument and research paper.

7.Harris, Jennifer L., et al. “Evaluating Sugary Drink Nutrition and Marketing to Youth.” New Haven, CT: Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity (2011).

Background: This article discusses childhood obesities direct link to sugary drinks and how many of these companies promote this unhealthy life style. While providing general accurate statements it also provides a great deal of statistics to support the fact that sugary drinks are bad for children and yet market directly to them.

How I Used it: I used this article in my Definitional argument to help my argument that it’s hard to determine what is considered good for you and bad for you due to the positive health claims. Unfortunately the claims aren’t always what they seem. I also used it in my definitional argument to help my reader understand why sugary drinks are so bad for people but especially children.

8.Johnson. “How much is too much?” Research. SugarScience.org, 30 Mar. 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2016.

Background:  In this article they discuss the concern for how much sugar Americans intake against what Americans are actually consuming using lots of facts and statistics.

How I used it: I used this article in my causal argument to help readers see how much sugar should be consumed against how much is actually being consumed.

9. Lynch, Barbara S., and Richard J. Bonnie. “Youth access to tobacco products.” (1994).

Background: This article discusses the usage of tobacco products, especially after the nationwide age restriction.

How I used it: I used this paper to help support my thesis and to prove that by adding an age limitation on the purchase of tobacco the amount of underage smokers went down, therefore the same would happen if America put an age restriction on sugar beverages.

10.Malik, Vasanti S., Matthias B. Schulze, and Frank B. Hu. “Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review.” The American journal of clinical nutrition84.2 (2006): 274-288.

Background: This article takes an in depth look at the correlation of sugary drinks and weight gain. The review uses different investigations and studies to come to the conclusion that the intake of sugary beverages are in conjunction with weight gain and obesity in children and adults. It explains that theses beverages also provide little nutritional value and result in incomplete compensation of energy at subsequent meals. Ultimately the conclusion of the article is that these drinks should be discouraged and there needs to be more efforts to promote consumption of healthier beverages.

How I Used it: I used this article in my Causal argument to explain the different factors that play a role in obesity as well as sugary drink consumption.

11.McKinlay, Rodrick D. “Obesity Action Coalition » Childhood Obesity: The Link to Drinks.” Childhood Obesity: The Link to Drinks Comments. Obesity Action Coalition, n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2016.

Background: This article talks about the effect sugary drinks have on childhood obesity. It discusses how much is consumed and the effect caffeine has as well. It ends by talking about parents roles on changing this problem by adapting a healthier lifestyle as well to role model how to be healthier for the children.

How I used It: I used this article in my causal argument when explaining how much soda is consumed by Americans and how American can start to slowly change this worldwide problem.

12.Ogden, Cynthia . Consumption of Sugar Drinks in the US (2005-2008), et al. . US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2011.

Background: This article discusses the consumption in kilocalories and the differences of consumption based on age, race, ethnicity, income and location. It also explains how much is consumed and gives a definition for sugary drinks.

How I Used it: I used this article in my definitional argument as it had a very accurate and comprehensible definition to help guide my explanation of what a sugary drink is.

13.”Reducing Consumption of Sugar-sweetened Beverages to Reduce the Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity.” Reducing Consumption of Sugar-sweetened Beverages to Reduce the Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity. World Health Organization, 24 Aug. 2016. Web. 04 Dec. 2016.

Background: The World Health Organization talks about how sugary drinks are directly linked to obesity. Consumption of these beverages is incredibly high and suggest poor diets. They offer suggestions on how much sugar should be consumed to be considered healthy.

How I used It: I used this article in my causal argument to show proof that sugary drinks are not nutritional and do not help one feel full.

14.Sugary Drinks and Childhood Obesity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(4):400. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.16

Background: This article discusses how sugary drinks can lead to childhood obesity as well as other diseases. It gives examples of what sugary drinks are and breaks it down into four categories. The article goes over the factors that contribute to this and how they contribute to the cause of other diseases.

How I Used it: I used this article in my definitional argument to provide proof of types and examples of sugary drinks. I also used this article in my causal argument to explain how the body reacts when it has taken in too much sugar at one time.

1.  “APA Review Confirms Link Between Playing Violent Video Games and Aggression.” American Psychological Association. N.p., 13 Aug. 2015. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

Background: The article discusses how a study done by the American Psychological Association concludes that there is a correlation between playing violent video games and an increase in aggression. There is also a decrease in empathy among gamers.

How I Used It: I used this evidence to establish that while there is a link between increasing aggression and violent video games, there is no link between violent video games and increasing aggressive behavior that directly involves criminal activity or violent offenses. Aggression is a broad term and does not always mean physical altercations. It could be as simple as lying or throwing a tantrum.

2. Fraser, Mark W., James K. Nash, Maeda J. Galinsky, and Kathleen M. Darwin. “The Making Choices Program: Social Problem- Solving Skills …” University of North Carolina. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2016.

Background: This document establishes what aggression exactly is. It is defined as “a persistent pattern of behavior that causes or threatens harm to other people.” Forms of aggression include verbal, physical, instrumental, reactive, proactive, overt, covert, and indirect.

How I Used It: I used this document to explain that while video games may increase aggression, there are so many forms of aggression that it is not a clear indication of video games leading to violent offenses. Violent video games may only increase the chances of throwing a tantrum or lying to somebody.

3. Greitemeyer, Tobias, and Christina Sagioglou. “Subjective Socioeconomic Status Causes Aggression: A Test Of The Theory Of Social Deprivation.” Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology 111.2 (2016): 178-194. PsycARTICLES. Web. 6 Nov. 2016.

Background: This was a study performed to see if socioeconomic classes determine how aggressive someone can be. Through the study, it was found that a lower socioeconomic class generally led to a higher level of aggression among individuals.

How I Used It: I used this study to show that there are other things that increase aggression that would come off as unflattering to those involved with it. These same people may want to blame video games to avoid accusations on themselves. In this instance, it would be the government since their systems have led to many people being stuck in the working class, which in turn would lead to their increase in aggressive behavior.

4. Welsh, Jennifer. “‘Negative Parenting’ Starts Aggressive Personalities Early.” Live Science. N.p., 26 Oct. 2011. Web. 6 Nov. 2016.

Background: This study shows that negative parenting when a child is still an infant will lead to an aggressive personality later on.

How I Used It: Parents tend to blame video games for a child’s aggressive behavior, but it may just be a way of diverting attention from them. This study proves that a parent who is poorly raising their child, specifically earlier on, will have a more aggressive kid. This may raise concern about the parent, which is why they would want to get rid of the attention and pin any crimes on video games.

5. Entertainment Software Association, “Essential Facts About Games and Violence,” http://www.theesa.com, 2008

Background: This is a graph showing the increase in video game sales while showing the slight decrease in violent crime offenses.

How I Used It: I used this evidence to prove that the correlation between video games and violent crimes is seemingly illogical. If more people are getting their hands on violent video games and these games are supposedly increasing violent behavior, then the rate of crimes should be going up. However, that is not the case.

6. News, ABC. “Did Video Game Drive Teens to Shootings?” ABC News. ABC News Network, 06 Sept. 2003. Web. 23 Nov. 2016.

Background: This is an article about William and Joshua Buckner who shot at cars which led to deaths and injuries. They had claimed that Grand Theft Auto inspired them to perform the crime which in turn led to the increased belief that violent video games were causing more crimes.

How I Used It: I used this article to establish that there are often instances of the criminals themselves claiming that the games are what caused them to commit the crimes.

7. Fleck, J. R. (2011). Why we blame others: An examination of scapegoating (Order No. 1492807). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (862344967).

Background: An essay about why people will blame others for the actions that they committed. In the essay, James Fleck explains that people will blame others as a natural reaction to avoid having negative attention on themselves.

How I Used It: I used this essay to invalidate the testimonies of William and Joshua Buckner, and people like them who will claim that video games are why they committed the crime. This essay shows that blaming is something everyone does to avoid negative attention. It does not have to be true; it just has to work.

8. Adam Thierer, MA, “Video Games, Ratings, Parental Controls, & Public Policy: Where Do We Stand?,” http://www.pff.org, Apr. 2008

Background: This is a graph indicating the increase in video game ratings awareness and whether parents utilize them. It shows that their awareness and usage is increasing over time.

How I Used It: I used this graph to show that for the most part, the youth are being protected from violent video games. While I do not believe they lead to aggressive behavior, this shows that most youth are not even playing games with content that is too mature for them.

9. “A Timeline of Video Game Controversies.” National Coalition Against Censorship. N.p., 2016. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

Background: This is a timeline indicating the most notable instances of video game controversies, most of which dealing with real world violence.

How I Used It: I used this timeline to establish the history of violent video games and the belief that they lead to violent behavior.

10. Kerstetter, Jim. “Why Do We Blame Games for Real-world Violence?” CNET. N.p., 26 Feb. 2013. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

Background: Out of 2278 US adults, a third say they will let their child play anything that they want. Whether it is violent or too mature for the kid does not matter to them at all.

How I Used It: I do not believe that violent video games lead to criminal activity, but I do believe that bad parenting may have more to do with it. The fact that these parents have little care for what their child plays, may also mean they are negatively parenting them.

Annotated Bibliography

1.CK”s Baseball 4U, B. C. (2014, February 27). What’s the Difference between Baseball and Softball? Retrieved October 30, 2016.

Background: This website article post has quick and easy to read bullet points of clear differences of the two sports. It provides measurements for each sports field and equipment. It also provides categories that each sport has, then a bullet point for each with how they are different.

How I Used It: I used this in my Definition Argument. I provide facts that I found from this website to my assignment. It helped me notice more differences that I haven’t seen before between these two sports. This helps support the claim that these sports are very different, but still have the same aspects.

2.H. (2014). Difference Between Tennis and Badminton. Retrieved November 23, 2016. 

Background: This is also an article with quick and easy facts about the two sports. There is also a table that as the same aspects of the sports, but states how those aspects are different. There are bullet point to that make the article straight forward and easy to take facts out of.

How I Used It: I used the sports badminton and tennis to support my argument. To enhance my claim, and make it more clear, I compared another pair of sports that are very similar but are different in difficulty levels. This website was used to support my claim and to persuade the reader. I also used this same article to fine rebuttals to the argument. It helped me claim that because two sports are similar, neither can be more difficult. Each sport has aspects that make them both difficult.

3. Mann, B. A. (2011, September 30). Baseball vs. Softball. Retrieved October 30, 2016.

Background: This is another website article that explains for facts about the two sports. It has some aspects that other articles do not talk about.

How I Used It: I used this website to enhance the claims I have made in my argument.

4.The Difference Between Baseball & Softball | iSport.com. (n.d.). Retrieved October 30, 2016

Background: This article includes many statistics about both of the two sports. The author makes claims about baseball and softball. It also makes other claims that the other articles don’t bring up. This article also provides many measurements and statistics.

How I Used It: This article helped me support my claim, and helped me use facts and numbers to provide in my paper.

5. A Women’s Softball Pitcher vs. the Top Baseball Hitters…Who Wins? (n.d.). Retrieved November 06, 2016.

Background: This article produces scenarios about a professional softball pitcher that pitches to some of the best baseball hitters. It also makes claims about how the pitcher and hitter work. The author also states how the hitter went through with each pitch they faced on the softball pitcher.

How I Used It: I used this to support my argument that the batters were expected to not do as well as most people think they should, since they are professional batters. I also used claims and facts that the article made in my argument.

6. Tinley, S. (2014, July 24). Why MLB hitters can’t hit Jennie Finch and science behind reaction time. Retrieved November 06, 2016.

Background: This article explains how batters approach hitting off of professional softball pitcher, Jennie Finch. It gives much background about Finch and her pitching history. This article states another scenario that Finch strikes out multiple MLB batters.