Category: Authors SP18

PTSD Claims- pATricKStar123

SECTION 5

1. “Trauma is a contagious disease; it affects everyone that has close contact with a traumatized person”

Living with someone with PTSD can be very stressful. Especially if you have to see someone you care about and are close with deal with such a burden. They may have flashback and not remember you and or they may become violent. This could lead you to have anxiety around them waiting for their next episode. It could make you feel unsafe and on edge as stated in the article. If you have younger children like they can be affected  making them scared too or even mimic activities done. In this quote, Robert Motta, a clinical psychologist and psychology professor at Hofstra University calls trauma a disease. Now this I believe is a bit too far as it could affect others Trauma is more of a mental illness. It’s not contagious because it is not yet proven. Although, we look at couple of cases that say yes. There are still more then have a percentage that say no it is not contagious.

2. Katie doesn’t sound sure, or like she remembers exactly. One thing she’s positive of: “She just made me…so. MAD.” Brannan asks Katie to name some of the alternatives. “Walk away, get the teacher, yes ma’am, no ma’am,” Katie dutifully responds to the prompts. She looks disappointed in herself.

This quote describes a situation that happened in school with Caleb’s and Brannan’s  daughter Katie. Katie got in trouble for spitting on another classmate. When asked why she did so by her mom she doesn’t recall. Katie just remembers being mad. Katie at home always is kind and cheerful. It’s almost like Katie blacks out like her father Caleb. Her behavior mimics the violent outburst that her dad out have during his episiode which could give evidence to they claim of PTSD be contagious but the studies would need more support.

3. Secondary traumatic stress has been documented in the spouses of veterans with PTSD from Vietnam. And the spouses of Israeli veterans with PTSD, and Dutch veterans with PTSD. In one study, the incidence of secondary trauma in wives of Croatian war vets with PTSD was 30 percent. In another study there, it was 39 percent.

Although studies where shown they never really analyzies or mention how the studies were conducted. Even with there facts of the percent of veterans wives affected was 39 percent in one study and 30 in another, these results are way too low to be certain of anything. This fact could be descredited by having to small of a study as well as comparing to studies with each other.

White Paper 3rd Draft- Doublea

Hypothesis

Eliminating artificial turf fields with real grass fields would decrease the total amount of knee injuries in an NFL season

Sources

Source 1: NFL panel finds some knee, ankle injuries more common on turf. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d816e77f1/article/nfl-panel-finds-some-knee-ankle-injuries-more-common-on-turf

This article talks about the increase specifically in ACL injuries on Fieldturf surfaces. The article started off by saying that in an annual study conducted by the NFL that knee injuries on Fieldturf surfaces increased the rate of knee injuries by 88 percent. The study was conducted in the 2003-2008 seasons. The article states that there was only 9 stadiums that have the Fielfturf surfaces. With that being said I could use the research of this article to describe the effect that the Fieldturf playing surface has on knee injuries. With just 9 stadiums sporting the Fieldturf it is a mind boggling stat that the result of knee injuries is increased by 88 percent. Imagine if every field sported the Fieldturf surfaces. The chances of a major knee injury every game would be very high.

Source 2: Turf Battle in the NFL: Natural vs. Artificial. (2017, March 11). Retrieved from https://www.lawnstarter.com/blog/lawn-care-2/turf-at-nfl-stadiums/

The article starts off by talking about the struggle of running a fantasy team with all the injuries that occur now a days on turf fields. It starts off by naming five key players that got hurt in the preseason due to turf fields. I can relate this to my own paper because I too play fantasy football and can relate to the injury struggle due to turf fields. Tons of people every year witness the amount of injuries players encounter playing the dangerous game. The article brings up that there is now 17 stadiums equipped with artificial turf now. Now this number is different than the number of the first article and that is because this is a more recent article but this can go to show that more teams are moving indoors so they have to have turf. With the increase in turf fields in the league I should show the increase in injuries on these fields in my essay.

Source 3: Todd Neale Todd Neale. (2010, March 15). AAOS: Artificial Turf Injuries Still More Likely in NFL. Retrieved from https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aaos/19020

The article once again brings up the number that the articles brought up. I can continue to use the number of 88% more likely to get a knee injury on turf fields a lot. The stat is mind boggling and seriously should be looked at by NFL officials. The number of lower leg injuries in the seasons on fieldturf fields was 1.79:1.4 per team game. These turf fields were introduced in 2000 so I could try and find a graph of injuries resulting in every year and find a correlation with knee injuries and turf fields.

Source 4: BANSCH, J. (1993, Oct 17). Knee injuries call for abolishment of artificial turf fields. Indianapolis Star Retrieved from http://ezproxy.rowan.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/240088678?accountid=13605

This article describes the moments in a game between the Eagles and the Colts where 3 separate season ending knee injuries occurred all on turf. The article quotes this trainer Otho Davis, a physical trainer for the Philadelphia Eagles. It quotes him saying that he normally does not take sides between turf and grass fields but this season has been something else to him. Also quotes the Colts trainer saying that players want to cut on a dime but their bodies cannot handle the force of the cuts on the turf.

Source 5: NRG Stadium’s Playing Surface An ‘Abomination’. (2014, September 09). Retrieved from http://houston.cbslocal.com/2014/09/09/nrg-stadiums-playing-surface-an-abomination/

This article talks about the grass turf on Reliant Field home of the Houston Texans. The article talks about the square panels that the field uses for play. These panels are set up and when you get a cleat stuck in the side of a panel it can bend your knee the wrong way. This is what happened in Jadeveon Clowney’s first game where he planted in one of the seams and bent his knee the wrong way. According to his teammate Swearinger he also believes this is a problem because there has been a big injury bug around the Texans and knee injuries for years. I can use this to show that this could be the case for other fields as well and this is not safe to play on.

Source 6: Is an ACL tear more common on artificial turf or grass? (2018, March 03). Retrieved from http://www.drdavidgeier.com/ask-dr-geier-acl-tears-on-natural-grass-or-fieldturf/

This article brings to light the question asked by a blog member on a doctors blog site. Dr. David Geieir was brought a question because a kid had 3 injuries on his football team all on turf fields away games. Their home field was grass and all three injuries occurred on turf at away games. When answering the question Dr. said that the best results were from this study made from NFL teams from 2000-2009 where the results showed that there was not an increase in MCL injuries on turf but there was a 22% increase in knee sprains altogether and a 67% higher chance of getting an ACL sprain on turf than grass.

Source 7: Hershman, E. B., Anderson, R., Bergfeld, J. A., Bradley, J. P., Coughlin, M. J., Johnson, R. J., . . . Tucker, A. (2012, 09). An Analysis of Specific Lower Extremity Injury Rates on Grass and FieldTurf Playing Surfaces in National Football League Games. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(10), 2200-2205. doi:10.1177/0363546512458888 

This article is actually the results that Dr. G used in his answer to his blogger. The results are the same as stated above but it tells us what stats they used to find this data. The article says that they literally used every game from 2000-2009 seasons and made a graph and analysed the data to find the results. The results were from 2680 games which is 5360 team games played so it is without a doubt a lot of data.

Source 8: Iacovelli, J. N., Yang, J., Thomas, G., Wu, H., Schiltz, T., & Foster, D. T. (2013, August 01). The effect of field condition and shoe type on lower extremity injuries in American Football. Retrieved from http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/12/789.citation-tools

This article talked about a 130 game span where they analyzed the lower extremity injuries. In this time the data was found that there was an increase in lower extremity injuries on turf but not during practice. If this is the case just practice on turf and play on grass or just take you chances and practice on grass and play on grass. I would use this in my arguments by saying and proving that in in game play there is an increase in lower extremity injuries.

Source 9: 6 – Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury as a Function of Type of Playing Surface. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323389624000060

This article states how there is indeed an increase in the number of lower extremity injuries on the football field due to the playing surface. The article states a lot of causes though like surface hardness, rotational stiffness, and release torque. These physical characteristics may interact with other environmental factors such as cleat design, surface moisture levels, and ambient temperature. Altogether, these causes are what causes these  player to twist/turn their knees on the turf. It describes how the strongest evidence in field turf play injuries comes from football because of the size of players and level of play. This article is from 2018 so I plan on using this article to bring up the argument in my rebuttal argument that people may have problems with the fact that my evidence is from 2009.

Source 10:

A Review of Synthetic Playing Surfaces, the Shoe-Surface Interface, and Lower Extremity Injuries in Athletes. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10

This article talks about how the versatility and durability of artificial playing fields but, are they really that safe. It states that research over time has shown an increase in injury on artificial playing surfaces and that biomechanical data suggests that both the torque and strain experienced by lower extremity joints generated by artificial surfaces may be more than those generated by natural grass fields. With that being said this article is more of a recent article too and I could also use this against the arguments people will have arisen in my rebuttal argument.

 

 

 

 

PTSD Claims- Dancers

Section 22 Claims

1.“With a half million disability cases stuck in a VA backlog, and an estimated 25 percent of Iraq/ Afghanistan troops with PTSD not seeking treatment, her logic isn’t entirely off.”

  • Quantitative, Numerical, or Comparative Claim
        1. This quote is numerical because it gives you statics on how many cases the VA has put on a back burner and an estimated percent of how many troops that don’t even try to seek help.
  • Analyze Claim
        1. Author shows the the VA isn’t doing much to help troops who are suffering
        2. Some troops don’t seek help, either because they don’t find it necessary or they don’t want to wait for the help they deserve
        3. This claim shows that troops that protected our country return home and are not given an a fair opportunity to gain the help necessary for them to return back to a life at home
  • Ethical or Moral Claim
        1. “If they make an appointment at the VA and can’t get in for several weeks, how do they eat, they want to know, in the meantime?”
        2. This quote puts judgement on the social issue that when the VA decides not to take their cases for several weeks that these troops and their families are going through a hard time, they could even starve. This is not ethically correct for the VA not to worry about what these troops are going through.
  • Analyze Claim
        1. Can’t get in for several weeks shows that the VA once again is not doing the necessary means to help returning troops.
        2. The VA could potentially be busy helping troops but in the meantime other troops lives are falling apart by having to wait weeks.“His life didn’t fall apart until six years after his service, so when he walked into a VA emergency room asking for help to not kill himself, he was turned away until he could clear the requisite mountain of paperwork.”
  • Evaluative Claim
        1. “His life didn’t fall apart until six years after his service, so when he walked into a VA emergency room asking for help to not kill himself, he was turned away until he could clear the requisite mountain of paperwork.”
        2. This is an evaluative claim because it involves judgement of a situation, by stating that this troop could not receive help until after he filled out paperwork even though he was threatening to kill himself. It could also be an ethical claim because it isn’t right to refuse help to someone who is on the brink of suicide because he hasn’t filled out papers.
  • Analyze Claim
        1. By refusing this man help because he hadn’t filled out required paperwork even while he is threatening his own life is completely wrong.
        2. A person should not be denied care  
    2. “And the vet who got fired from his job for being unstable and is now homeless, like 13,000 other vets under 30, who now live with his wife and teenager in his car.”
  • Causal Claim
        1. This is a causal claim because it’s cause and effect he was unstable and for that he was fired, it was also a consequence for his actions so now he has no job and has to live out of his car.
  • Analyze Claim
        1. 13,000 returning troops should not be homeless and living out of their cars
        2. He shouldn’t of automatically been fired even though I don’t know the full circumstances
    2. “ And there it is, naive, and beautiful, and practically pure.”
  • Categorical Claim
        1. This claim is categorical because it is naming examples of what it’s like to be in love or to love somebody.
  • Analyze Claim
      1. When you love someone you are willing to do whatever it takes to help and better them no matter what the situation may be.

My Hypothesis—DoubleA

  1. Knee injuries in football
  2. Knee injuries and artificial turf
  3. the effect that artificial turf has on knee injuries in the NFL
  4. Playing on grass instead of artificial turf fields will reduce the amount of knee injuries in the NFL
  5. Eliminating turf fields would reduce the amount of knee injuries suffered by NFL players in an NFL game
  6. Eliminating artificial turf fields with real grass fields would decrease the total amount of knee injuries in an NFL season

PTSD Claims – Nreina34

21

“Charlene has long, graying dark hair parted down the middle and super-serious eyes, which she has to lower to compose herself for a minute when I ask her, alone, if she saved Steve’s life.”

  • “Graying dark hair” can mean that she has had a lot of stress in her life and it has taken a toll on her.  This could also prove that PTSD is contagious if her graying hair is a result of Steve’s disease.
  • “Which she has to lower to compose herself for a minute when i ask her, alone, if she saved Steve’s life” shows that the process of healing Steve could have been very difficult.  But her composure shows that he is better now and is happier this way.

 

“These most recent years, Steve is funnier—after all…but it’s not all good days”

  • Steve can be showing signs of being happier and healthier and his family is starting to notice.
  • “But it’s not all good days” shows that this disease is seriously affecting Steve but the results are inconsistent.
  • What happens when he is having a bad day?
  • Was he a really funny person before everything that happened?

 

“And hypervigilant. He doesn’t like living on Five Cent Ranch Road, which runs through a decidedly vulnerable valley.”

  • “Hypervigilant” due to the anxiety brought on from the disease, he now feels vulnerable where he lives because of the location.  
  • This sense of insecurity can drive someone insane.

“At the very top of a largely uninhabited hill, it will be hell—and sometimes impossible—to get down in winter because of the snow, but Steve doesn’t care, and wants to grow old with Charlene and die up there. At that elevation, with that vantage point, it’s one of the most defensible pieces of land in town.”

  • Steve is moving to an inconvenient location I believe so that he feels safe and secluded from everyone else.  
  • Is Charlene okay with the move or is she just agreeing to help deal with him?
  • “it’s one of the most defensible pieces of land in town” What does he have to defend against?
  • His act of moving can be defined as another point that PTSD can be contagious.  Steve’s need to move because he may feel unsafe and vulnerable in his house directly alters Charlene.

“In the Vines’ household in Alabama, at any unpredictable time of night, the nightmare starts in Iraq.”

  • What does this mean? What happens when these nightmares start?
  • Shows how PTSD seriously affects soldiers back home, trying to live a regular life.
  • Is PTSD “contagious” because of these outrages and nightmares?

 

PTSD Claims- tjjones123

7

“In a family system, every member of that system is going to be impacted, most often in a negative way, by mental-health issues.”

  • Will “EVERY” member be impacted?
  • FAMILY– refers to relatives you live with all the time, what about friends and relatives you see often but not every day will they be impacted?
  • MOST OFTEN- is the majority of the time, however what are the other instances are there positive ways of being impacted?

 

“Children are “usually not” treated, but when necessary referred to child psychiatrists”

  • Why aren’t children treated just as adults or other adolescents are treated, can’t they develop the same issues?
  • CHILDREN- are usually under the age of 13, do 13+ go adult treating or do they not get treated at all?
  • Why do they get sent to psychiatrists?

 

“The Army only helps families of active-duty personnel.”

  • Why won’t they helped those who terms are up?
  • Just because they aren’t serving currently doesn’t mean they never did why don’t they deserve help anymore?

 

“When I asked the VA if the organization would treat kids for secondary trauma, its spokespeople stressed that it has made great strides in family services in recent years, rolling out its own program for couples’ counseling and parenting training.”

  • TREAT KIDS- the response was about family services and parenting instructions still no help for the kids suffering.

 

“If you asked the VA to treat your kids, they would think it was nonsense”

  • Why are they so against helping the kids of these families?
  • Being a child in the situation could be just are hard as a spouse and they should get the treatment they need.

 

“Our goal is to make the parents the strongest parents they can be”

  • How is this going to help or benefit the children that are affected?
  • What is the definition of a strong parent?

 

“You’re on your own”

  • If you don’t follow their guidelines and rules thats it you’re on your own.

PTSD Claims- Ugandan Knuckles

Section 2

“Caleb had been home since 2006”

  • has he just been living in the same house since 2006
  • where is home?
  • has he gone to a hospital?

“Way more than enough time for Brannan to catch his symptoms”

  • what symptoms?
  • what is “more then enough time”?

“is often quiet as a morgue”?

  • morgue means dead, but is a morgue entirely quiet?
  • how often?
  • how quiet is a morgue?

“A sound erupts”

  • is it instant?
  • how loud was it really?

“Caleb screaming at Brannan because she’s just woken him up from a nightmare”

  • is Caleb really screaming?
  • did Brannan actually wake him up?
  • a nightmare is big claim to make. Was it actually scary, or was Caleb just talking in his sleep? I’d be upset too if someone randomly woke me up.

“after making sure she’s at least an arm’s length away in case he wakes up swinging”

  • whose arm length? Hers or his?
  • swinging like punching, or just waking up and sitting straight up wildly?

“the ensuing silence seems even denser”

  • how “dense” is said silence initially?
  • how much denser?
  • was it absolutely silent?

“Even when everyone’s in the family room watching TV, it’s only connected to Netflix and not to cable, since news is often a trigger.”

  • is everyone in the family room?
  • are they watching TV?
  • does it only have connection to Netflix and not one of many other possible non-cable viewing networks?
  • what about cable is triggering?
  • how bad of a trigger?

“Brannan and Caleb can be tense with their own agitation, and tense about each other’s.”

  • what level of agitation?
  • are they both tense all the time, or are they tense at different times?
  • does it build to a certain point?
  • when do they get on each other’s nerves?

“Their German shepherd, a service dog trained to help veterans with PTSD”

  • the dog is a German shepherd
  • it’s been trained for a long time to watch verterans
  • it’s trained to specifically watch veterans that have PTSD

“is ready to alert Caleb to triggers by barking, or to calm him by jumping onto his chest.”

  • the dog is trained to help the veteran
  • the dog is able to identify what the specific veteran’s triggers are
  • the dog is also trained to help calm the veteran by leaping on their chest

“This PTSD picture is worse than some,”

  • this is a strong assumption, as there is no way of gauging how bad something is compared to someone else, as everyone is different
  • on what scale is it worse
    • is there a specific aspect that makes it worse

“but much better, Brannan knows, than those that have devolved into drug addiction and rehab stints and relapses”

  • makes the claim from the previous bit more realistic
  • how many people is this those that have devolved into drug addiction

“She has not, unlike military wives she advises, ever been beat up”

  • how many military wives have been beat up
  • how many military wives does she advise
  • are they all military wives
  • has she absolutely never been beat up?
    • there is no evidence to support that she hasn’t

“Nor jumped out of her own bed when she got touched in the middle of the night for fear of being raped, again. Still.”

  • was this ever a fear of hers
  • “again” means it’s happened before
    • makes it being a fear of her rational
  • “Still” means that she is vigilant

“Sometimes I can’t do the laundry,” Brannan explains, reclining on her couch. “And it’s not like, ‘Oh, I’m too tired to do the laundry,’ it’s like, ‘Um, I don’t understand how to turn the washing machine on.’

  • why can’t she do the laundry?
  • why can she not understand how it works?
  • she could just write the instructions down
  • there’s an on button most washing machines

“She sounds like she might start crying, not because she is, but because that’s how she always sounds, like she’s talking from the top of a clenched throat, tonally shaky and thin.”

  • there’s no way to compare her voice to what it normally is, so there’s no real way to say if that’s not just her speaking voice
  • judging by the stress she speaks about, she could always be on the  verge of tears
  • as someone just meeting her, is this actually how she sounds, or is this dramatized?

PTSD Claims- lbirch141

05

“Secondary traumatic stress has been documented in the spouses of veterans with PTSD from Vietnam. And the spouses of Israeli veterans with PTSD, and Dutch veterans with PTSD.”

  • “Secondary traumatic stress” is claimed to be a type of PTSD, but is not an actual disorder.
  • “documented” is just the record, not an actual study completed. We do not know how it was documented or if a study was even done.
  • “Spouses of veterans” only indicates spouses were studied and taken into consideration of secondary PTSD. This could show not everyone in a household was studied or documented.
  • “Spouses of Israeli veterans with PTSD, and Dutch veterans with PTSD” shows different people, that could have fought in different wars. All of these veterans could have different ways of life and ways they fought.

“In one study, the incidence of secondary trauma in wives of Croatian war vets with PTSD was 30 percent. In another study there, it was 39 percent.”

  • “One study” does not show a whole picture. We cannot conclude secondary PTSD is real with one study being shown.
  • “incidence of secondary trauma in wives of Croatian war vets” does not show how many wives were actually studied. It could be two wives or two hundred wives.
  • “30 percent” gives us a number of just this group. We still also do not know what this 30 percent is out of. We cannot conclude this an accurate representation of a whole population of veteran’s wives.
  • “another study” is just a basic statement that another test was done. This does not give us a representation of how many people were actually studied.
  • “39 percent” is still a basic number that can represent some many different things. We do not know who was studied and what each wife has been though.

“’Trauma is really not something that  happens to an individual,’ says Robert Motta, a clinical psychologist and psychology professor at Hofstra University who wrote a few of the many medical-journal articles about secondary trauma in Vietnam vets’ families.”

  • “really not something that happens to an individual” does not make too much sense. There are many types of trauma someone can have and some types just cannot be contagious.
  • “a few of the many medical-journal articles about secondary trauma in Vietnam vets’ families.” a few does not give a very exact number. We cannot know how knowledgeable he is if it’s just a few. Also, if it is only Vietnam war vets, that’s only a small portion of veterans.

“Katie Vines, the first time I meet her, is in trouble. Not that you’d know it to look at her, bounding up to the car, blondish bob flying as she sprints from her kindergarten class, nice round face like her daddy’s. No one’s the wiser until she cheerfully hands her mother a folder from the backseat she’s hopped into.”

  • “the first time I meet her” shows that it is only one occasion. We do not know if this has happened before or not if it is only the first time meeting Katie.
  • “she sprints from her kindergarten class” could just mean what she does shows her age if shes only in kindergarten.
  • “Not that you’d know it to look at her, bounding up to the car, blondish bob flying as she sprints from her kindergarten class” shows us that Katie looks normal on the outside, but has something wrong on the inside.
  • “nice round face like her daddy’s” is comparing a kindergartner to a war vet with PTSD. That is not something you can do because they are have two different mindsets.
  • “No one’s the wiser until she cheerfully hands her mother a folder” shows Katie does not seem to know or understand she did something wrong.

“’It says here,’ Brannan says, her eyes narrowing incredulously, ‘that you spit on somebody today.’”

  • “It says here” is a second hand source. We do not know the whole story from just this note.
  • “you spit on somebody today” seems like something normal kids do sometimes because they do not completely understand right from wrong. Again, we cannot compare a normal child to a veteran.

“’Yes ma’am,’ Katie admits, lowering her voice and her eyes guiltily.”

  • “lowering her voice and her eyes guiltily” tells us maybe Katie did know it was wrong.

“Her schoolmate said something mean. Maybe. Katie doesn’t sound sure, or like she remembers exactly. One thing she’s positive of: “She just made me…so. MAD.” Brannan asks Katie to name some of the alternatives. “Walk away, get the teacher, yes ma’am, no ma’am,” Katie dutifully responds to the prompts. She looks disappointed in herself. Her eyebrows are heavily creased when she shakes her head and says quietly again, “I was so mad.”

  • “Her schoolmate said something mean. Maybe. Katie doesn’t sound sure, or like she remembers exactly” doesn’t seem like something that proves that PTSD is contagious. Katie is a young child, and normal children try to cover what happened.
  • “‘She just made me…so. MAD'” may tell us the other students did something to cause Katie to spit on her.
  • “She looks disappointed in herself. Her eyebrows are heavily creased when she shakes her head and says quietly again, ‘I was so mad.'” implies Katie knows what she did, but could not help herself and got very mad.

 

PTSD Claims, jdormann

11

“It’s to help kids like that that Brannan and her volunteers put together an informational packet on secondary trauma for parents to give to teachers, explaining their battle-worthy idiosyncrasies and sensory-processing sensitivities.”

-Brannan feels that PTSD can cause serious trauma to those that are around people suffering.

-This claim would be more effective if it explained the packet and why people needed to read it

2.“Brannan gave the packet to Katie’s kindergarten teacher, but thinks the teacher just saw it as an excuse for bad behavior.”

-Not all of the population is aware of PTSD and they do not understand the severity of it because they have not directly seen someone suffering.

-Katie’s teacher doesn’t think that her thoughts and behaviors should be effected by her fathers PTSD

-PTSD does not only effect the person suffering, it can also effect their family and friends

This claim would be more effective if it detailed what specific behavior or the teacher’s point of view about Katie

3. Though Brannan hopes Katie will come out of childhood healthy, she still says, “She’s not a normal kid. She does things, and says things. She’s a grown-up in a six-year-old’s body in a lot of ways.”

-There is proof that a child growing up with someone that suffers from PTSD can alter their behaviors.

-Children do not understand the world and life as grown adults do, so they can be inappropriate or sound absurd at times.

-Katie’s actions are effected by her parents thoughts and actions, just like every child that has an adult figure in their life.

-What exactly does she say? Does she feel that she is different from her peers?

4. “She certainly looks like a normal kid when she comes down from her room dressed for tap class. In a black leotard, pink tights, and shiny black tap shoes, she looks sweet as pie.”

-Katie participates in normal activities for a child her age

-this shows she does not want to be different, and she enjoys the same things her peers do

-How else is she a normal kid other then going to tap classes?

5. “One time, a bad guy in Iraq had a knife and my dad killed him,” she says, apropos of nothing. “Katie Vines.” Brannan is stern but impeccably patient. She doesn’t know why Katie adapted this story about confiscating a weapon from an insurgent into a story about bloodshed, but she isn’t too happy about it.

-Unknowingly, Katie says things that she doesn’t fully understand and it can be at an inappropriate time.

-Katies mother isn’t happy about stories like this because she worries her daughter will be too different then kids her age and seen as an outcast.

-The claim should not include “Brennan is stern but impeccably patient”. This statement is weak and has no correlation to the prior or following claim.

6. “Katie is sorry—God, is she sorry, you can see it in her face and guilty shoulders, but she seems to feel like she can’t help it”

-When Katie is told what she said or did is unacceptable, she understands that her mother and others are unhappy with her.

-Katie is sad because when she shares things she knows or thinks, she is told it is not okay and doesn’t understand why because her knowledge of the world is not formed yet.

-She cannot differentiate between what is okay and what is not

-This claim is repetitive but it supports the idea that PTSD can have secondary effects on families

Critical Reading-Morty39

Part 16:

“In 2009, it was Hovda who delivered the Pentagon the recommendation that because multiple concussions could cause serious long-term injury, concussions need time to heal. “

“The recommendation” makes it seem they were not really trying to push or force the issues of concussions and the time to heal from them

“Could cause,” if they really want to try and force these rules on concussion they are not using strong enough words to push the subject.

“A fight ensued. Hovda says some of the Army’s best doctors implied that if soldiers were told they needed rest after concussions, it was going to usher in an epidemic of fakers, or retired guys claiming disability way after the fact.”

“A fight” makes it seem like there was a big ordeal and that the army really does not want their soldiers getting break after concussions.

“Implied” They do not know if it would really happen, but they would rather take the risk of the soldiers having long term medical issues rather than the chance some would take advantage of it.

“Epidemic” is most likely exaggerated

“Retired guys” makes it seem kind of annoyed about the situation, they did not say vets, which they should be called

“Although, the NFL was given the same memo in the 1990s, and brain damage in boxers is even older news, so it doesn’t seem like it would take a neuroscientist—or the top medical brass of an Army that builds laser cannons—to figure out that if 25 mph punches to the head cause brain damage, IED blasts that hit at 330 mph probably do too.”

“Is even older news” They are really showing that this has been a big issue by now and most people have realized how bad concussions can be

“Neuroscientist” Sarcasm to show that this is simple and does not take a lot of thought to realize it.

“IED blasts that hit at 330 mph probably do too.” This is in a annoying tone saying that it is pretty much the equivalent as 2 + 2.

“Eventually, Hovda’s cause prevailed. These days, there are MRIs in theater, assessments after blasts, mandatory rest periods after a concussion. But those reforms came seven years into the Iraq War, after Caleb and a million other soldiers were already home. When people ask Hovda if they’re gonna get better, he encourages them that they’re gonna get different.”

“Eventually” This shows that they are more than annoyed at how long they took to realize how bad concussions are.

“Million other soldiers” I would say this is an exaggeration but it is most likely close to the number of solders, there were definitely not a million but it gives the idea of how bad it was.

“Encourages” encourages they are going to be different is not a good answer when they ask if they are going to get better.