Definition Rewrite- jsoccer5

Sugary Drinks are Everywhere

Childhood obesity is a nationwide epidemic throughout the United States. While there are many leading factors when it comes to what causes childhood obesity one of the largest causes is from the consumption of sugary drinks. According to the CDC, “80% of youths consume sugar sweetened beverages,” but what they do not mention is what exactly a sugary drink consists of. This poses the question for readers of what is a sugary drink.

For most people when the thought of sugary drinks comes to mind the thought of soda and energy drinks are what constitutes ‘a sugary drink’ however it is actually so much more. According to the National Cancer Center, “sugary drinks consist of fruit drinks, soda, energy drinks, sport drinks and sweetened waters.”  The American Heart Association also gives a list of what is included in sugary drinks including sweetened teas to the list as well. In the Advice for Patients section of the Arch Pediatric Medical Journal, they give examples of some of the types of sugar drinks and examples to go with it. For the type of drink classified under fruitades they gave examples such as Gatorade and lemonade, for fruit juices they give examples like Kool-Aid and fruit punch, for soda they give the example of Coke, Pepsi and 7Up, and for energy drinks they give the examples of Monster or Red Bull.  The drinks mentioned above are a lot of times considered to be healthy or good for you, and are in many American homes. The problem is that sugary drinks are the largest source of added sugars in a youth’s diet and also the main source of calorie intake. What this means is that when a child drinks a soda they are taking in a lot of calories at one time, often more than a body needs which then is not processed and becomes fat.

The largest problem that Americans are faced with is determining if a drink is considered bad for you. Most Americans do not even think to look at the nutritional label when purchasing beverages, as the companies producing these sugary drinks attach positive health claims to the products to hide the fact that these drinks are packed with sugar. One of the most commonly purchased sports drinks is Gatorade. On the Gatorade label it has the word ‘Performance’ in large print as well as the phrases, “thirst quencher and natural flavors”. Gatorade is also known as an electrolyte sports drink, where it is supposed to replace lost electrolytes, however the proper sodium to potassium ratio for replacing electrolytes is a 1 to 1 ratio and Gatorade consists of 250mg of sodium and 65mg of potassium per 20oz bottle making it so that you are not even able to replenish electrolytes. Kids also see many different famous athletes supporting these products and families are lead to assume that this is a good product for their child. What they don’t know is that Gatorade is packed with 35 grams of sugar in a 20oz bottle. Just think 35 grams of sugar is equal to 8.75 teaspoons of sugar and that’s a lot of sugar in a bottle.

While there are many different types of drinks out there, they can almost always be classified as sugary or not. As a country we need to identify these drinks and start to eliminate them from our children’s diets. In efforts to change our children’s diets we also need to be educating everyone around us in order to prevent the childhood obesity epidemic from getting worse.

Work Cited

Childhood Obesity Causes & Consequences.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 June 2015. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

Go, A. S., D. Mozaffarian, and V. L. Roger. “Sugar-sweetened beverages initiatives can help fight childhood obesity.” circulation 127 (2013): e6-e245.

Harris, Jennifer L., et al. “Evaluating Sugary Drink Nutrition and Marketing to Youth.” New Haven, CT: Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity (2011).

Ogden, Cynthia . Consumption of Sugar Drinks in the US (2005-2008), et al. . US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2011.

Sugary Drinks and Childhood Obesity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(4):400. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.16

 

Definitional Argument- Jsoccer5

Did you know that your drink maybe packed with sugar?

Childhood obesity is a nationwide epidemic throughout the United States. While there are many leading factors when it comes to what causes Childhood obesity one of the largest causes is from the consumption of sugary drinks. According to the CDC, “80% of youth consume sugar sweetened beverages,” but what they do not mention is what exactly a sugary drink consists of, posing the question for readers of what is a sugary drink ?

For most people when the thought of sugary drinks comes to mind the though of soda and energy drinks are what constitutes as a sugar drink, however it is actually so much more. According to the National Cancer Center sugary drinks consist of fruit drinks, soda, energy drinks, sport drinks, and sweetened waters (Ogden, 5). The American Heart Association also gives a list of what is included in sugary drinks, including sweetened teas to the list as well (Go, 1). aid, Soda such as Coke, and Energy Drinks such as Monster or Red Bull. Sugary Drinks are the largest source of added sugars in a youth’s diet and also the main source of calorie intake (Harris, 2). What this means is that when a child drinks a soda they are taking in a lot of calories at one time, often more than a body needs which then is not processed properly and becomes fat.

The largest problem that Americans face with determining if a drink is considered bad for you before even looking to see the sugar content is due to the fact that many sugary drinks have positive health claims attached to help hide the fact that they are packed with sugar (Harris, 2). One of the most common poor drink purchases are sports drinks, such as Gatorade. On the Gatorade label it has the word Performance in large print as well as the phrases thirst quencher and natural flavors. Gatorade is also know as an electrolyte sports drink, and kids see many different athletes supporting these products families are lead to assume this is good for their child. What they don’t know is that Gatorade is packed with 35 grams of sugar in a 20oz bottle. Just think 35 grams of sugar is equal to 8.75 teaspoons of sugar, and that’s a lot of sugar in a bottle.

While there is many different types of drinks out there, they can almost always be classified as sugary or not. By making people more aware of what is bad for children, families will be able to make more informed choices when shopping for beverages and hopefully that will help with the childhood obesity epidemic that sweeps our country.

 

Work Cited

“Childhood Obesity Causes & Consequences.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 June 2015. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

Go, A. S., D. Mozaffarian, and V. L. Roger. “Sugar-sweetened beverages initiatives can help fight childhood obesity.” circulation 127 (2013): e6-e245.

Harris, Jennifer L., et al. “Evaluating sugary drink nutrition and marketing to youth.” New Haven, CT: Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity (2011).

Ogden, Cynthia L., et al. Consumption of sugar drinks in the United States, 2005-2008. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2011.

Sugary Drinks and Childhood Obesity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(4):400. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.16

 

Bibliography- Beyonce1234

Annotated Bibliography

1.CK”s Baseball 4U, B. C. (2014, February 27). What’s the Difference between Baseball and Softball? Retrieved October 30, 2016.

Background: This website article post has quick and easy to read bullet points of clear differences of the two sports. It provides measurements for each sports field and equipment. It also provides categories that each sport has, then a bullet point for each with how they are different.

How I Used It: I used this in my Definition Argument. I provide facts that I found from this website to my assignment. It helped me notice more differences that I haven’t seen before between these two sports. This helps support the claim that these sports are very different, but still have the same aspects.

2.H. (2014). Difference Between Tennis and Badminton. Retrieved November 23, 2016. 

Background: This is also an article with quick and easy facts about the two sports. There is also a table that as the same aspects of the sports, but states how those aspects are different. There are bullet point to that make the article straight forward and easy to take facts out of.

How I Used It: I used the sports badminton and tennis to support my argument. To enhance my claim, and make it more clear, I compared another pair of sports that are very similar but are different in difficulty levels. This website was used to support my claim and to persuade the reader. I also used this same article to fine rebuttals to the argument. It helped me claim that because two sports are similar, neither can be more difficult. Each sport has aspects that make them both difficult.

3. Mann, B. A. (2011, September 30). Baseball vs. Softball. Retrieved October 30, 2016.

Background: This is another website article that explains for facts about the two sports. It has some aspects that other articles do not talk about.

How I Used It: I used this website to enhance the claims I have made in my argument.

4.The Difference Between Baseball & Softball | iSport.com. (n.d.). Retrieved October 30, 2016

Background: This article includes many statistics about both of the two sports. The author makes claims about baseball and softball. It also makes other claims that the other articles don’t bring up. This article also provides many measurements and statistics.

How I Used It: This article helped me support my claim, and helped me use facts and numbers to provide in my paper.

5. A Women’s Softball Pitcher vs. the Top Baseball Hitters…Who Wins? (n.d.). Retrieved November 06, 2016.

Background: This article produces scenarios about a professional softball pitcher that pitches to some of the best baseball hitters. It also makes claims about how the pitcher and hitter work. The author also states how the hitter went through with each pitch they faced on the softball pitcher.

How I Used It: I used this to support my argument that the batters were expected to not do as well as most people think they should, since they are professional batters. I also used claims and facts that the article made in my argument.

6. Tinley, S. (2014, July 24). Why MLB hitters can’t hit Jennie Finch and science behind reaction time. Retrieved November 06, 2016.

Background: This article explains how batters approach hitting off of professional softball pitcher, Jennie Finch. It gives much background about Finch and her pitching history. This article states another scenario that Finch strikes out multiple MLB batters.

rebuttal argument- wvuhockey

A lot of time and money is invested to creating the safest sporting equipment possible. The pads are made to work when they fit properly. Athletes should be taught how to choose the correct size equipment. If they are using pads too big or too small, the pads will be covering the wrong areas which can result in serious injury. When worn the correct way, the pads will absorb majority of the physical blow and leave you unharmed.

The rate of career ending injuries is on the rise so finally the heads of different leagues are putting stricter penalties for vicious hits that are known to cause harm to an individual. For example in hockey, the leading cause of concussions is due to a hit from behind into the boards.

The USA Hockey Rulebook clearly states that a major penalty plus a game misconduct penalty, or match penalty, must be called in the following instances:

(1)    In every instance where a player forcefully checks an opponent who is standing along the boards (back toward the middle of the ice).

(2)    In every instance where a player is thrust head first into the boards or goal frame.

(3)    In every instance where injury results from a check from behind, regardless of whether or not board contact is made.

A match penalty must be assessed in all instances when a player clearly checks an opponent from behind with excessive force while the opponent is in a vulnerable position.

Checking from behind is senseless and extremely dangerous. On-Ice Officials must be sensitive to all checks from behind that occur within the “danger zone,” which is the area approximately ten feet out from the boards. Players who are checked from behind in this area and who then crash into the boards may be at high risk of receiving a serious and possibly life altering injury.

Similar rules have been put into place in football as well. The helmet to helmet, often referred to as targeting, hits are often life altering so the NFL had to do something about this epidemic. A large fine is given to the guilty player as well as a game misconduct. This is just one of many rule changes the NFL has passed in 2016. A few other new rules posted on NFL.com are:

  • Make all chop blocks illegal.
  • Expand the horse collar rule
  • A player who is penalized twice in one game for certain types of unsportsmanlike conduct fouls will be disqualified.
  • Eliminate the five-yard penalty for when an eligible receiver illegally touches a forward pass after being out of bounds and re-establishing himself inbounds. The owners voted to make it a loss of down.

These rules are all imposed to help lower the injury rate to these athletes and make the sport all around safer without losing the interest from the audience.

 

 

works cited

Casebook.” USA Hockey Officiating Rulebook Mobile Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2016-rules-changes-and-points-of-emphasis/

casual argument-wvuhockey

A major cause of concussions is because players are not using safe protective equipment. In this day and age the technology in sports equipment is state of the art. The problem with it is that it is bulky and ugly. Players don’t want to wear big bulky helmets due to the fact that they are not the best looking . Players like to use their older style helmets that they think have good style and that they are used to. This old technology in helmets is outdated and plays a huge role in concussion numbers. Another similar example of this is shoulder pads. Athletes like the smaller lighter style pads so they are more agile. The downfall of this is when they do make contact with a 200 pound opponent it causes serious shoulder trauma. The number two most common injury in contact sports are acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations. This could easily be prevented with the proper use of protective equipment. Athletes are just too stubborn to adapt to the new style. An AC joint separation or AC joint sprain is an injury to the ligament that holds the acromioclavicular joint together at the top of the shoulder. It is usually caused by fall onto an outstretched arm. The Sports Injury Clinic explains to us that AC joint sprains range from very mild to a severe injury. Early treatment and support through taping is important to avoid long term problems or shoulder deformity. Symptoms of this type of injury include pain right at the end of the collar bone on the top of the shoulder. The pain my be widespread throughout the shoulder initially but later on more localized to a bony point on the top of the shoulder. Pain will be worse when trying to move the arm overhead and there is often swelling and depending on the extent of the injury a deformity may be seen in the form of an obvious lump on top of the shoulder joint. Acromioclavicular joint separations are graded one to six with grade one being mild with only minor ligament damage and no separation of the bones while grade 6 is a severe injury with complete ruptures of the ligaments and visible deformity. In most cases this is treated solely by resting the shoulder for six to eight weeks. The problem is that players would rather fight through the pain of the injury and continue to play. This causes big problems later down the road. There should be more strict regulations on the return time of known injured players. It should be left to a higher authority to clear them, allowing the Injured player to return playing full contact. If the injury does not heal correctly, a serious surgery is required to fix the damaged ligaments. Similar to the ACL tear, there is an extreme physical therapy treatment required to rehabilitate the shoulder.

Along with the concussion issue, I can also relate to the AC joint separation dilemma. In my years of ice hockey, I have suffered from two AC joint separations in both of my shoulders. This constant beating on my abused shoulders is what ultimately ended my hockey career. All of my coaches and scouts had big plans for me after collegiate hockey but unfortunately due to the neglect to my injured body parts, my career came to an abrupt ending. All of my dreams went down the tubes. I cannot stress enough how important it is to take care of your injuries in the proper manner and not rush right back into the game. Doctors get paid a high salary to figure out what the necessary precautions are for your injury, you should listen to them before you lose your chance at the game you love.

works cited

Shoulder, 1_Sudden Onset2_Sprains2_Top of. “AC Joint Separation | AC Joint Sprain – Symptoms, Treatment and Rehabilitation.” AC Joint Sprain – Symptoms, Treatment and Rehabilitation. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

definition argument- wvuhockey

A concussion is when the head receives a blow causing the brain to shake inside of the skull and strike the inside of the skull. In a sense, it creates a contusion on the brain affecting some cognitive abilities.

Symptoms of a grade 1 concussion include being dazed and an inability to follow directions or think clearly, states Brain Injury Association of America. With a grade 2 concussion, the individual experiences similar symptoms that last longer and may also suffer amnesia. With a grade 3 concussion, the person losses consciousness and experiences more serious symptoms such as a noticeable change in brain function, behavior and cognition.In addition to the cognitive symptoms, concussions may also cause a person to feel nauseous, dizzy or tired, notes WebMD. People with concussions may experience blurred vision, difficulty balancing and sensitivity to light. Changes in sleeping patterns or mood may also occur.

Most people fully recover from a mild concussion with rest, according to WebMD. Even if symptoms disappear quickly after a mild concussion, the brain is still healing and is more prone to injury. Repeated concussions may cause permanent damage and inhibit a person’s ability to learn, speak or move. Concussions are common after car and bike accidents, fights and falls.

Playing competitive ice hockey for the past 15 years has given me a broad insight to the damage that is associated with concussions. I personally have had 6 concussions. Some mild, and some severe. after a few concussions you really start to notice the long term side affects. standing up too quickly makes you black out, exerting too much energy too quickly without warming up makes you dizzy, and concentrating for long periods of time gives you migraines. I can personally say that concussions have a huge impact on your everyday life if not treated properly. I was young and dumb and did not use the proper healing procedure. I refused to sit out for the required time period because all I wanted to do was play. I had all of my coaches and teammates pushing me to get back on the ice. I gave in before I was cleared and now I am suffering the consequences. I should have listed to the doctors and trainers but i was naive and just wanted to play. Now a few pointless hockey games are going to affect me for the rest of my life.

Next most popular sports injuries are ligament strains and tears. Each sport has different injuries. Where as in baseball a common injury is called Tommy John syndrome. The Tommy John surgery repairs an injured elbow ligament. It’s most commonly done on college and pro athletes, especially baseball pitchers. But it’s sometimes done on younger people as well.The surgery is named after former Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Tommy John. In 1974, he underwent the first surgery of this type.Tommy John surgery is also called UCL reconstruction. UCL is short for ulnar collateral ligament.During Tommy John surgery, a surgeon replaces the injured UCL with a tendon taken from somewhere else in the patient’s body.

In more physical contact sports other injuries to ligaments are more common. ACL and MCL tears are very common in sports such as football and soccer. Both ligaments are located in the leg and the injury frequently occur simultaneously. A Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) injury can cause knee pain and instability, forcing you to take time off from your usual activities. While resting the knee will help prevent further damage, rest alone won’t speed up the healing process. If you want to heal your MCL as quickly as possible, you need to relieve the pain and stimulate blood flow in the soft tissue deep beneath the skin as stated by King Brand. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears are usually much more serious than a MCL injury and almost always requires surgery. If it is in fact a tear and not just a strain, surgery is required if you ever want to properly walk again let alone play again. The surgery is the first step but the rehabilitation is the most important part. It is very long, tedious and honestly painful. You have to try and get all of your flexibility back because your tendon is going to be extremely tight after the surgery.

works cited:

“Tommy John Surgery (UCL Reconstruction) and Recovery.” WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

“What Is a Mild Concussion?” Reference. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

 

Rebuttal Argument — socrateslee13

My Worthy Opponent is Wrong

People have debated what the root of the problem is behind gun related crimes, wither the gun control laws have been too strict or have they been too loose. In doing some research, I discovered some articles that stated how gun control laws have not been the problem, rather the factors around gun control laws are why gun related crimes still occur. Some of these factors would include the location of the states, as well as the guns that are involved in the crimes that are being committed. Furthermore, there are articles were people make the claim that how the idea that gun control is the problem is considerably appalling.

The most frequent argument people have proposed that support gun control, state over the years gun homicide has decreased. This comparison was the back bone for one article, because throughout the article the author provides graphs that the change America has gone through from the 1990s until the present day. From this article one graph showed that from 1993 to 2013 gun homicide has decreased while guns per person has increased. Later in this same article, the author provided a graph that stated the gun homicide rate has declined from 1993 to 2013. Rather the gun control being the focal point the article reveals the progression America has been able to produce over the years. Some possibilities that are apart of America’s decline in homicide rates over the years could be the location of states and passing laws that unite states better to terminate gun related crimes. For example some states have started to recognized other state firearm license so that officers do not wrongfully convict people who have the proper license for their firearm.

Additionally, in alternative solution would be to issue more guns as well as stricter gun laws. The reasoning behind issuing more guns would be because by giving people guns it allows them to protect themselves. When reading this article the author shows that when people are being shot it rather than to try to cower behind something and hope for the best. In a situation were someone is being shot at by them firing back in self defense they are more likely to survive and protect themselves. Another reason issuing more guns would be a benefit it because when comparing the number of crimes of concealed carry permit holders to the general population, people who have a concealed carry permit holders have lower rate of committing crimes. The article showed how people who have the permit holders tend not to commit crimes because just because of them owing a gun but because majority of the holders have admitted they believe in gun control laws and abide by them.

Works Cited

The Case For More Guns (and More Gun Control)

Chart of the day: More guns less gun violence 1993 to 2013

 

Robust Verbs-smokesdabear

The huge problem in Vancouver right now involves heroin addicts committing crimes to support their bad habits. The “free heroin for addicts” program is attempting to stop addicts from committing said crimes. Crime rate has risen due to the actions of these addicts. Which results to a constant struggle through their day to day lives. Their daily activities such as jobs, interactions, and relationships are hard to maintain because of their poor addiction habits. A user always goes to great lengths to obtain the drug. The most common of crimes committed begins with breaking and entering. There are no limits to what these addicts will do to retrieve this drug, all to feed their addiction. The problem with the program comes from the lack of support to addicts when off the drug. This program is only intended to difflate rising crime rates. By providing the drug, these addicts want, the likelier they are to leave the streets. Which in turn will prevent them from committing minor street crimes,whilst also keeping them away from the hospitals. Very uneeded issues that the hospitals have to deal with; people that want to use bad drugs or non sanatised needles or users unable to afford hospital bills. Programs giving people free heroin in the cleanest way possible. This will in turn fix the city  but not the addiction that these people face.

Bibliography-Philly321

Annotated Bibliography

  1. Levenson, Richard L. “Why Departments Need to Develop Mental Health Programs for Cops” PoliceOne. PoliceOne.com, 27 June 2016. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article examines the idea that in a predominantly male culture that emphasizes toughness and a suck-it-up mentality, officers are forced to withhold their emotions and resort to detrimental methods of coping with their stress, including alcoholism, drug use, risk-taking behaviors, etc.

How I used it: This article helped me discover that a police officer’s health, confined by cultural beliefs, is not being dealt with in a healthy, productive matter. I used this article to demonstrate the impact of cultural influence in law enforcement, which has a negative impact intellectually and physically on a police officer’s performance.

  1. Patton, Mary Claire. “Suicide leading cause of death among police officers.” KSAT. Graham Media Group, 19 Apr. 2016. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article focuses on a study conducted by Badge of Life, a national surveillance of police suicide, that lists the amount law enforcement officers who have committed suicide in 2015 as a result of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. It also highlights the emotional effects that a distraught officer has on his or her family. The overall well-being (of police officers and their families) is put in jeopardy by offering little assistance to help officers cope with their anxieties.

How I used it: Since this article focuses entirely on the death toll of police officers, I used it as a basis for my argument that officers are not getting the type of support they need to be efficient in their line of duty.

  1. University at Buffalo. “Impact of Stress On Police Officers’ Physical and Mental Health.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 29 September 2008. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article gives statistical analysis of how an officer’s stress level can put him or her at risk for several health complications, such as high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease. It also shows that suicidal thoughts are three times higher in law enforcement than in other municipal workers.

How I used it: I used the evidence of this source to demonstrate that health complications and suicidal tendencies among law enforcement officers are becoming more prominent because of high levels of stress.

  1. Robinson, Holly M. “Psychological Reports.” Duty-Related Stressors and PTSD Symptoms in Suburban Police Officers81 (1997): 835-45. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 1997. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article focuses on a study conducted by Cleveland State University that says 63% out of the 100 suburban cops surveyed stated that critical debriefing periods following a life threatening scenario fail to help them cop with their stress or emotional trauma. The article states that police officers often feel alone and isolated despite the exponential funding that Assistant Employee Programs have received in 1997.

How I used it: This survey is extremely useful because it supports my claim that officers are not given the proper care needed to maintain a level of stability in a highly stressful job. I used this to expose the flaws in Assistant Employee programs by using this survey. The evidence is clear that these programs don’t do their job and there is clearly room for improvement.

  1. Allmers, Gary. “Employee Assistance Programs.” Personal interview. 11 Nov. 2016.

Background: This personal interview explains the lack of support that police officers receive from Employee Assistance Programs. This interview specifically examines the disconnect between a therapist and a police officer. It uses first hand incite to examine the lack of understanding that therapists, who fail to relate to a mass shooting or a murder, have for police officers.

How I used it: Quite often, police officers feel lonesome in their line of duty from the lack of understanding between a therapist and an officer. Gary Allmers felt that he was not getting the support he need from a therapist. He needed to talk to someone who could relate to the position he was in, such as a retired police officer. This obviously is a major flaw in law enforcement, which I exposed with the help of this interview as it uses first hand insight into the emotional uneasiness among police officers.

  1. Freed, Betsy B. “Aversion to Therapy: Why Won’t Men Get Help?” Pacific Standard. Pacific Standard, 25 June 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article discusses the shame that police officers feel when they reach out for help from a therapist, family members, other police officers, etc. It focuses on the negative stigma surrounding therapeutic facilities in police departments and on police officers who neglect to receive help due to the ignominy that comes along with it.

How I used it: I used concrete examples of police officers that refused to seek out help because of the stigma of appearing weak. The evidence is clear that police officers whose lives are being damaged from their incapability to seek out help are at a detriment to themselves and others around them.

  1. Mooney, Chris, Indre Viskontas and Chris Mooney, Erika Eichelberger, Jaeah Lee, Inae Oh, Russ Choma, AJ Vicens, and Andy Kroll. “The Science of Why Cops Shoot Young Black Men.”Mother Jones. Mother Jones and the Foundation for National Progress, 1 Dec. 2014. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article examines the origin of racial prejudices. Prejudice draws on many of the same tools that help our minds figure out what’s good and what’s bad. In evolutionary terms, it’s efficient to quickly classify a grizzly bear as dangerous. The trouble comes when the brain uses similar processes to form negative views about groups of people.

How I used it: It is entirely possible that police officers learn to be suspicious of individuals that the general public do not fear. I used this evidence to show that police officers react to certain cues on account of the race of the suspect. Police officer have developed reflexes that we don’t have, causing them to react faster or with more force than we would.

  1. Levs, Josh. “Column Defending Cops in Ferguson Sparks Online Fury.”CNN. Cable News Network, 20 Aug. 2014. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article from CNN covers the fatal shooting of Michael Brown and puts into question whether officer Darren Wilson was within his rights to shoot Michael Brown. It provides specific examples of police officers who defend officer Darren Wilson by stressing that law enforcement is constantly under heightened scrutiny even when they are acting in self defense.

How I used it: I used concrete examples of police officers that have been in similar situations as officer Darren Wilson and support his decision. The evidence is clear that victims who show signs of aggression should be dealt with in a forceful manner. The fact that Michael Brown may not have had a weapon in no way diminishes officer Wilson’s fear for his life. I also used officer Darren Wilson as a strong anecdote to help the reader understand the point I am trying to make.

  1. Willman, Elizabeth A. “Alcohol Use Among Law Enforcement.”The Journal of Law Enforcement. 2.3 (2008) 1-4. Print.

Background: This journal discusses the prevalence of alcohol in law enforcement. While this journal does not fixate on Employee Assistance Programs, there is a large portion of it that suggests that alcoholism in law enforcement is the result of police officers not receiving the necessary support they need to help cope with their trauma.

How I used it: I used this journal to stress the growing problem of alcohol abuse in law enforcement. This journal helped me discover the most common reasons of why alcoholism is so prominent among police officers. The journal highlights exactly how large of a problem alcohol is in law enforcement by using statistical data to prove how many officers have used alcohol as a method to cope with their problems rather than seek out help, something I proved in my essay on a larger scale.

  1. Gustafson, R.D. Timi. “Keeping Your Emotions Bottled Up Could Kill You.”The Huffington Post. The Huffington Post, 31 Mar. 2014. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

Background: This article from The Blog focuses on a study by the Harvard School of Public Health and the University of Rochester found that suppressing emotions may increase the risk of dying from heart disease and certain forms of cancer. This evidence confirms earlier studies conducted by these Universities that have linked negative emotions like anger, anxiety, and depression to the suppression of emotions.

How I used it: I used this to show the emotional and physical effects that occur as a result of Employee Assistance Programs failing to accomplish their goal to help police officers deal with their stress. This obviously is a major flaw in law enforcement itself, which I exposed with the help of this article as it offers incite on the damaging effects of a failing support system.

Robust Verbs-Princess 272

A plethora of vancouver residents have an addiction to heroine and use crime to fund their habit. The “free heroin for addicts” program is doing everything they can to stop the addicts. The issue at hand is a large crime rate due to the addicts. Addicts have a hard time getting through there daily lives, and this is very apparent. Daily activities such as jobs, interactions, and relationships are hard to maintain because of the fact that they are using. Heroin users live by the phrase “by any means necessary” when it comes to obtaining their fix, heroine. The types of crimes committed by the heroin addicts are breaking and entering/ stealing. Options for feeding this drug addiction are limitless. This program is plagued with the issue that it won’t help to ween these addicts off using heroin. Government officials are only trying to save the city from rising crime rates that they’re up to. By providing the drug, these addicts will be off the streets, which in turn will prevent them from committing minor street crimes. Also the programs keep the heroin users out of the hospital. The thought that the hospitals have to deal with people that want to use bad drugs or unsanitary needles and find themselves being unable to afford hospital bills and hard to cope without the drug is enevitable. This program gives people free heroin in the cleanest way possible. In turn fix the city but not the addiction that these people face.