Do Violent Video Games Translate to Violent Behavior?

The biggest argument against video games being a scapegoat is that they actually do lead to violent behavior. Violent video games causing violent behavior in gamers seems like a reasonable thing to conclude. The evidence for such a conclusion is also seemingly sound. Such evidence includes studies showing that aggression does increase when playing violent video games, and testimonies from culprits. However, I have found that the evidence supporting violent video games as a catalyst for criminal activity is taken for granted and interpreted incorrectly to favor that stance.

First off, the American Psychological Association’s research on video games finds that there is a correlation between playing violent video games and increases in aggression. This would seem conclusive at face value if it were not for the fact that there are various forms of aggression. Aggressive behavior takes the form of anything from lying and throwing tantrums to fighting and hurting people. It can be verbal or physical, subtle or noticeable. The studies done by the Association are not conclusive in pointing out a link between violent video games and criminal activity, but rather violent video games and a broad spectrum of aggressive actions. It may be possible that there is a connection, but according to data collected by the Entertainment Software Association, as general video game sales increase, the total number of violent offences has been decreasing over time. This shows that despite more people having played violent video games, there have been less violent crimes.

On another note, another critical point is that some criminals admit to video games playing a part in their crime. ABC News reported in 2003 that William and Joshua Buckner shot at passing cars on the Tennessee highway, killing a man and injuring a woman. After being apprehended, they claimed that they were inspired to do the crime after playing Grand Theft Auto. The problem with this is that it is very obvious scapegoating. James Fleck, in his essay Why We Blame Others, explains that people will blame another person or source for an action out of habit. When someone is under heat for their actions, it is a natural reaction to attempt to bring attention off of one’s self and onto another source. This instance is no different. Whether or not they are trying to lessen their sentence or some other underlying goal, criminals will typically bring other people into their crime so they do not get the full wrath of their apprehension.

In conclusion, the evidence that founds the argument of violent video games causing violent behavior is misinterpreted. Just because games can cause aggression, does not mean it cause criminal activity, especially when violent crimes are decreasing as video games are becoming more and more popular. Even testimonies from criminals cannot be taken at face value since a criminal will say anything to lessen the consequences of their actions. In reality, them blaming video games only adds to the idea that violent video games are used as a scapegoat.

Works Cited

American Psychological Association. American Psychological Association, 13 Aug. 2015. Web. 30 Oct. 2016.

Entertainment Software Association, “Essential Facts About Games and Violence,” http://www.theesa.com, 2008

News, ABC. “Did Video Game Drive Teens to Shootings?” ABC News. ABC News Network, 06 Sept. 2003. Web. 23 Nov. 2016.

Fleck, J. R. (2011). Why we blame others: An examination of scapegoating (Order No. 1492807). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (862344967). Retrieved from http://ezproxy.rowan.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/862344967?accountid=13605

America is a great place to be a citizen. It is the best country in the world and if people had the choice most likely this is the country they would choose to be born in. It is the land of opportunity as we like to say here. This is a country where one can achieve any goal that they set their mind to within the rules of the law of course. One can’t go wrong with living in America because you can be free and proud of who you really are and don’t have to fit in to society.  If one is trying to be successful and is looking forward to being successful in life this country is the best country to be apart of. We do not discriminate we do not hate we accept all kinds of people we accept all shapes and sizes. It does not matter what race you are we accept you as one of our own. We encourage everyone to come be apart of this great country no matter what country you came from. No one can say that this country isn’t great.  This country is so important we help out a lot of other countries and get no credit for it really. We are the reason that a lot of these countries are so wealthy today. We keep them in line and we help them so they can help us. Everyone has respect for America because we have the strongest military. Not many countries want to try to go to war with us because we are favored to win   because we are one of the wealthiest countries in the world.

Why wouldn’t one want to come to America we have the best jobs and there are so many up for grabs you can literally come here and choose whats best for you and what is the best fit for you. If you don’t like your job you can just get a new one. Most people take the school route which is the most reliable route. You get to go to a college for about 4 years at least and you get to study and learn what you love to do. It shows you how to be the best at whatever field you choose. If you choose to be a police officer you can go to school and learn about the justice system get familiar with the law so much that it would be basically second nature to you. Then with those skills you can take it to the police academy where you can see the physical state of your body and then eventually if good enough you can become a police officer. This country is a place for you to chase your dreams and be proud of yourself when you achieve them. This isn’t a country of hate this is a country of love. Many people would do crazy things to be apart of this great place. Just to be born here is a blessing because you are destined for greatness. All it is going to take is a little bit of hard work and commitment. If you are an American the only thing this country asks of you is to try and become successful. It isn’t a mandatory thing but it is definitely yours for the taking. If you open your eyes you can be anything you want to be.

As told before when it comes to race in this country, we do not discriminate at all white, black, and Spanish are all welcomed. We are all treated as equals no one call tell you you cant do something here and if they try to do that you have to just prove them wrong. You are going to get a fair opportunity just like everyone else in this country. I can not stress it enough that we are the best country in the world to live in.

No Helmets In Football?!

In football their are a lot of people who have gotten head injuries because of poor tackling. I came across s few articles and came up with an idea of having no helmets in football and just have the players learn how to tackle differently. After hearing that last sentence people may think that I was crazy and begin to think of different ways to lessen the concussion rate in the NFL and also keep helmets on. Having players get rid of their helmet in a sport that is mainly about physical contact on every play is outrageous.

People would argue that if football helmets aren’t actually working the industries that make helmets should find a solution to it by adding more padding. However, having padding doesn’t help the brain from banging against the wall of our skull. It would just protect from head fractures, but it we get rid of the helmets than players would be more cautious of there head on (both sides of the ball). Even now with how much padding they have now it’s very hard for a player to tackle a player without hitting their head on any part of their body at least once in one game and adding no padding can cause the helmet to become bigger and harder for the player to avoid tackling without hitting the helmet of the other player.

Another option, tackling differently but still have to helmets on. That could do the trick but the best way to make a tackle is to have the helmets off because the way they tackle in rugby to lean in with the shoulder and the arm are the first to make contact to the other players body. If someone adds the same football helmets as American football and includes that same kind of rugby tackling it would work as effectively because the football helmet is in the way of the player trying to tackle the opposing player. For instance, If a player leans their head to the side and wraps their arms around the player they’ve almost got the tackle right but the only thing that’s in the way is having the helmet on can cause the defensive player to hit their head against the offensive players body.

Work Cited

Haislop, Tadd. “Football Helmets Are Creating More Problems than They Solve.” Sporting News. Sporting News, 28 May 2015. Web. 20 Nov. 2016.

Money has such a big role in our society that not much gets done without it. For many, money has different ways of being valuable. Today’s society is heavily weighted on faith both in the government as well as the banking system. A person’s money needs to be handled in the proper manner so they don’t need to hide it under your mattress or around their house. We have no understanding of how your money is taken care of or what happens in the banks. Many think that money is simple however, being introduced to this assignment, the Yap Fei, US gold, French francs, Brazilian cruzeros, and debit accounts now seem similar. No one actually sees their money being transferred they only know that when they are paid, the money is directly transferred into the bank account. In the end, all you can have is trust.

Pre-Determined Surgery

When looking at athletes, we realize that there are many injuries that they can come by.  Some can so much as end an athletes career while some have a smaller recovery time.  When looking at all injuries, we know there are some that we can prevent but some that will just happen out of no where.  Obviously seeing an athlete get injured is terrible because it is what they live for and put there bodies out there day in and day out. There are certain injuries that happen to certain athlete in their own sports as well.  When we look at injuries we know that there are processes that we can choose to go through to get better.  There are procedures such as surgery, physical therapy, or rest or icing.  All injuries differ in there own ways.  If we zero in to a certain sport like baseball, we can look at one of the hardest injuries and something that happens to a lot of pitchers.  The injury is called Tommy John, or a UCL tear which is the ligament inside the elbow basically holding the arm together from the inside.  There are some people that will look at this and say that players should have the surgery before they start there actual careers in their sports to amplify there game and also help prevent the injury from happening when in their prime.

We can look at this in a few ways.  Why would someone want to be operated on if they do not have an injury?  Nothing says that the injury is going to happen but they way youth baseball is going, kids are throwing curveballs at such a young age that their arms are not fully developed, we can see that this is coming more common then ever.  Some studies show that getting the surgery brings pitchers back stronger then they ever were because the support in the elbow is so strong that it is basically adding another spring into the elbow which helps throw harder.  To look at some reasons why this is not a good idea can start with this:

Surgery is always something is very afraid of because no one wants to be knocked out and cut open to fix something inside of them but sometimes it is necessary in a certain situation.  Surgery is not always safe, there are times when some people get infections, sometimes nerve injury can happen, and sometimes Chronic Regional Pain System.  That is a first reason why we should not be having the surgery done if there is no reason too.  Number two, if an athlete is on their way and doing great just the way they are, why would you change that?  There is a saying that goes by, “Don’t fix whats not broken.”  We put athletes in risk or these problems if we were to go ahead and start having surgery with no injury.

Like said, injuries to athletes are always terrible to hear and you never want to see that happen to anyone.  If we bring up this argument on whether or not we should put pitchers through the surgery before they have the chance to get injured.  People will more or likely respond with no.  It just doesn’t make sense.  Yes the recovery rate is very high and not makes pitchers strong but we should shouldn’t change what is already working.  In a sense, we can think it is cheating.

Work Cited

Miller, Sam. “Why Pitchers Will Always Have Tommy John Surgery.” ESPN.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2016.

“What Can Go Wrong.” In Surgery with Dr. Chris Chiodo. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2016.

Thesis: The advantageous stem cells can be found from more things than an aborted fetus.

Human stem cell research is plagued with the notion it can only be found from an unborn or dead fetus. This in fact is untrue. Since majority of the opponents of this research are religious and anti-abortion groups, it makes sense for these groups to attack the idea of stem cells coming from human embryo cells. Pope John Paul II, is among the stem cell protesters; he stated, “A free and virtuous society, which America aspires to be, must reject practices that devalue and violate human life at any stage from conception until natural death”.

The religious and anti-abortion groups use the argument that life starts at the moment of conception and killing an unborn baby is inhumane. Looking at this from this point of view does make stem cell researchers appear to be mad scientists, but this is not reality. One week old embryos are considered blastocysts still and not human. Blastocysts are a cluster of cells that is all. A cluster of cells is not a human yet. Majority of scientists do not consider embryos to be a person until at the very least two weeks old when it develops its primitive streak/ first evidence of a nervous system.

One can put the aborted fetuses argument to rest due to  a team at Advanced Cell Technology in Massachusetts. By extracting one cell from an 8-celled embryo, they were able to use that cell to create more through mitosis.  The 8 celled mouse embryos, now 7 celled embryos, was implanted into a female mouse; the same was done with another mouse, control group, but all 8 celled embryos were left alone. The female was still able to bare the 23 mice to full term the same as the control group from this experiment that had 8 celled mouse embryos. The single cell that was removed and multiplied created 100 stem cells. In this study no mice were harmed, the embryos were safe, and stem cells were still able to be collected without death to the unborn mice.

Another way stem cells can be obtained without harming an embryo is called “altered nuclear transfer” or ANT for short. In the process known as ANT, the stem cells were extracted from cloned embryos. By extracting human eggs and emptying its nucleus, the group of MIT scientists were able to place donor skin cell nuclei into these cells. This forms something similar to Dolly the sheep that was cloned and produced in the 90’s. Since cloning is considered unethical, this group of scientists infected the donor skin cell with a virus. This virus blocked the action of the Cdx2 gene which is essential for formation of the placenta. Without the placenta, it is unable to be implanted back into the womb. This disqualified the embryo as a “true” embryo making it a “pseudo-embryo”.  As a result, the desired stem cells are able to be obtained without an aborted fetus being utilized.

Sources:

http://www.foxnews.com/story/2001/08/09/cases-for-and-against-stem-cell-research.html

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn8164-two-ethical-ways-to-harvest-stem-cells/

Rock Stars- Harmless Individuals or Devil Worshipers

Rock and roll is not the music of Satan. It is a canvas of many different topics. Rock musicians do not have dark forces in their intentions. Many of their songs highlight positive values, life lessons, and random events. Performers like Jimmy Buffett, the Beatles, and Bruce Springsteen would never be thought of as linked with the devil. But like every debatable topic, there is always a rebuttal argument (which can be rebutted with the right evidence as well). In this case, the main rebuttal argument is that seemingly harmless Rock stars, including the ones listed above, have actually been involved with dark forces in one way or another.

Yes, these singers do mostly sing about happy situations. But they have also dabbled with influences of Satan. Uncovering this truth will prove that Rock and Roll has darkness running entirely through it, even in the areas that appear the brightest. For example, Jimmy Buffett, the founder of Margaritaville, is beloved by fans for singing songs about relaxation, maritime life, and cheeseburgers in paradise. However, he does have one song that mocks God and promotes blasphemous behavior- “Too Drunk to Karaoke”.  As David J. Stewart explains, “Toby Keith and Jimmy Buffet encourage booze drinkers to drink, drink, drink… until you’re ‘TOO DRUNK TO KARAOKE.’ The video is a disgrace, encouraging alcoholism and irresponsible behavior. Jimmy Buffet is the icon of a laid-back lifestyle, an icon of relaxation and the king of ‘Margaritaville’ (after the song for which he is most famous) …Yet, Mr. Buffet embarrasses me as an American when he glorifies the sin of drunkenness, an evil which has utterly destroyed millions of our nation’s families, wreaking havoc from coast-to-coast.” Jimmy Buffett, with this one song, has gone against all that he is known for.

The same thing can be said for the not-so- Fab Four. John, Paul, George, and Ringo are known as the pioneers of the British Invasion. Millions of fans loved them, especially attracting the attention of girls as the four cute guys from Liverpool. But the quartet was not the innocent boy band that they appeared to be. The most blatant proof of this can be seen (and heard) in their infamous album, Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band.  The front cover of this album features the four Beatles surrounded by controversial figures from history- including Marilyn Monroe, Karl Marx, and Bob Dylan. The most unsettling figure included however is Aleister Crowley, a well-known English occultist. His inclusion is a clear sign that the Beatles were fans of occult rituals. Another indication that these men were not the most perfect of guys is the meaning of the song, “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds”. A close analysis shows that the Beatles in this song are glorifying the effects of taking a drug- LSD. These seemingly innocent men could not resist highlighting the influences of the Devil.

Unfortunately, New Jersey’s The Boss, whose music is loved by people of all ages, could not resist the sweet temptation either. This resulted in an unanticipated action by a popular coffee shop chain. As reporter Dave Lifton mentions, “Starbucks banned his latest album, Devils & Dust, from its stores, in part due to explicit lyrics in one of the songs. The track in question, ‘Reno,’ describes an encounter with a prostitute, and mentions both oral and anal sex.” To really hit this point home, here are some lyrics from the previously mentioned track- “She slipped me out of her mouth/’You’re ready,’ she said/She took off her bra and panties/Wet her fingers, slipped it inside her/And crawled over me on the bed.” This song unabashedly promotes sex, one of Satan’s favorite values.  Starbucks can’t have this song play in its shops, and it should not be play anywhere else either.  Even Rock and Roll’s brightest individuals have been motivated by darkness.

Now is the time to shoot this rebuttal argument down. Jimmy Buffett’s song “Too Drunk to Karaoke” is an attempt by him to connect to a younger audience, one that likes to listen to songs about “hardcore” partying. He enlisted the help of Toby Keith to write the song, as his music is known to promote wild behavior. So technically, the song is actually Toby Keith’s, with Jimmy Buffett’s name receiving top billing. Plus, the song is very much Country (Keith’s main genre), making it an entirely different beast than those of Rock and Roll. Moving on to the Beatles, it must be recognized that they are just rebellious young adults. They used controversial figures including Aleister Crowley in order to set themselves apart from other bands, and because they found these individuals to be memorable in history, which is what they wanted to become. Concerning the song “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds”, there shouldn’t be any attempts at over-analyzing. As the website Shmoop explains, “John Lennon said in many different interviews that the song title was simply inspired by a drawing that his four-year-old son, Julian, brought home from school: ‘My son Julian came in one day with a picture he painted about a school friend of his named Lucy. He had sketched in some stars in the sky and called it ‘Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds,’ Simple.’ The other Beatles and even the real Lucy herself (a former schoolmate of Julian’s who recently passed away) have since confirmed this story.” A little boy’s drawing inspired the song, not drug use. With Bruce Springsteen’s song “Reno”, there is a similar situation as Jimmy Buffett’s “Too Drunk to Karaoke”- it is not Rock and Roll. The Boss’s whole album, Devils & Dust, was his attempt at being a Country star. And his song is not promoting sex with a prostitute. The final lyrics are “She brought me another whisky/Said ‘Here’s to the best you ever had’/We laughed and made a toast/It wasn’t the best I ever had/Not even close.” Springsteen is saying that his experience with this woman of the night was not that great. A closer look into even the most brightest of Rock stars shows that darkness does not completely consume Rock and Roll at all.

As a brief addition to this attack on the rebuttal argument, it should by mentioned that a popular offshoot of Rock and Roll is Christian Rock. This form of music centers on songs related to promoting faith and good lessons in a contemporary fashion. Many of these tunes are even used in churches today to liven up the crowds. If the rebuttal argument was true, then even Satan has tainted the supposedly harmless Christian Rock performers. And that revelation will make the church institutions look like hypocrites.

Rock ‘n’ Roll is not the music of Satan. Rebuttal arguments can try to disprove this, but will only be setting themselves up to be rebutted as well.

Works Cited

New Source Lifton, Dave. “Why Starbucks Banned Bruce Springsteen’s ‘Devils and Dust’” Ultimate Classic Rock. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016.

New Source Shmoop. “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds Meaning.” Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 13 Nov. 2016.

New Source Springsteen, Bruce. “Reno.” Azlyrics.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016.

Stewart, David J. ““Too Drunk To Karaoke” Hit Song Mocks God.” “Too Drunk To Karaoke” Hit Song Mocks God. N.p., Aug. 2013. Web. 13 Nov. 2016.

Slut Shamers, Cockroaches of the Internet

It should come as no surprise that women experience harassment on the internet. Through the disguise of anonymous usernames hateful and misogynistic insults can be hurled at whim by the “trolls” that get pleasure from tearing down a women’s self-esteem. When insults revolve around a woman’s sexuality or sexual promiscuity they are typically known as “slut-shaming”. Due to the over-abundance of slut shaming occurring through social media, some would think that a woman’s sexual freedom is being policed and limited; and to an extent this is true. However, women are now more than ever overcoming slut shaming and taking control of their bodies. In fact through the connectivity of social media and the internet women have reclaimed the term “slut” and have come together to overcome and destroy slut shaming.

Women do not get to experience the same sexual freedoms that men do,though, through progressive social media use the idea of women being equally sexual beings is becoming normalized. Nicki Minaj is a famous rapper, known for capitalizing on her assets, to say the least. Besides having impressive talents and an eye for business opportunities, she also combats slut shaming. Her music video for her song Anaconda received a lot of criticisms for being too sexual , her response being “I went overboard with the video to show that I’m not going to hide. And those big-booty dancers I have, they’re not going to hide. Black girls should feel sexy, powerful and important too.” Minaj also contributes to Amber Rose’s Slut Walk foundation, which combats slut shaming, double standards, and helps sexual assault victims (Anglis). Minaj has a prominent social media presence which normalizes her sexy style and encourages girls to be confident in their sexuality. The foundation reclaims the term “Slut” and uses it to empower women to overcome the gender based obstacles that stand before them.

Again, social media is a breeding ground for slut shaming, for instance Miley Cyrus received over 306,000 tweets per minute during her 2013 VMA performance, most shamed her for her seductive style of dancing (Menza). Not only through Twitter, slut shaming occurs though Instagram, Facebook, and even Snapchat. The argument here is not that slut shaming has been eradicated through social media, in fact it is quite the opposite. The congregation of women (and men) tired of seeing post after post filled with condemning ideals has caused people to actively use social media to put a stop to slut shaming. These groups of individuals have been able to use the connectivity that comes with the internet to be able to constitute a clear and united voice with many goals. To spread acceptance, encourage people to become comfortable with themselves, and stop slut shaming, among other things. The website, Stopslut.org, is aimed at not only stopping slut shaming but also rape culture as a whole “Using a revolutionary play, a book and storytelling-based activism workshops, StopSlut aims to transform rape culture into a culture of CARE– communication, accountability, respect and empathy”.

Rape culture also plays a major role within the realm of the internet and is a key factor when it comes to slut shaming. Looking at current events, after the results of the 2016 election were announced and people were disappointed that Donald Trump was the President to be, they turned to their best weapon, social media. Trump is often associated, infamously, for his “Grab her by the pussy” comment thus his ability to still be elected is thought to be a result of our inherent rape culture in the United States. A man that has clearly stated consent is not something he values highly when it comes to sexual advances, was still thought to be a suitable world leader for our country. Rape culture often minimizes the seriousness of rape and sexual assault and perpetuates the idea that women are sexual objects to be lusted after and even “grabbed” without concern  to their comfort or safety. Protests voicing dissatisfaction with the electoral college’s decision for Trump were organized via Facebook pages, Instagram posts, and the twitter-sphere. Hashtags like #antitrump, #nevertrump, and #dumptrump all brought the people who were against Trump (for various reasons including racism and homophobia) together to voice their concerns. One of the biggest concerns being his treatment of women and perpetuation of rape culture.

Slut shaming is not a new concept, shunning women for being sexual has been commonplace for centuries. Lewis Mark Webb sums it up best when he says (in reference to comparing slut shaming historically to modern day)  “the Roman Republic with recent cases on the Internet, and I maintain that the focus of this slut-shaming, namely sexual virtue, has remained the same over time, but that the unregulated nature of the Internet has increased its scope and impact.” The magnitude seen through the internet is rather unique; people are not afraid to say inappropriate things online because there are no consequences for it.  That is, until now. People are getting tired of hearing misogynistic and dated thoughts one after the other and the convenience of anonymity has also given them the ability to type right back. The internet has started to change from a place where slut shaming can bloom, into a battlefield where intellectual logic is used to combat the backwards rhetoric that has overstayed its welcome.

Thesis:Based on current research, these acts of violence involve citizens who are also African American. In this paper, I will discuss how African American males are historically targets of these senseless acts.

So while people are scared for their lives and trying to figure out while they are not being protected by the people that took a oath to protect all citizens are now doing the opposite.  People are afraid of there lives , even when a officer pull them over for a example they will each out both hands up in the air and say don’t shoot. The reason for this because they are scared of their lives since their have been too many police shootings in the past.

Is it really that hard?

Sandlot 2, the biggest softball vs. baseball challenge of all time. As the Sandlot boys arrive at their usual playing spot. Surprised, they to witness three girls on their dirt. It is hard enough to deal with intruders, but girls make it worse. To get these girls to stop practice their softball and leave, the girls make a bet. Softball pitcher, Hayley Goodfairer, challenges baseball player, David Durgano, saying she can strike out him out with three pitches. Winner takes the sandlot; losers leave. Accepting the challenge, David faces an under hand softball windmill for the first time. Foul ball after foul ball, both call it a draw. There is no winner and no loser. This is an accurate symbolization that proves that neither sport is harder or easier than the other.

Softball and baseball, in general, are too different to be compared on their difficulties. Baseball players can’t hit a softball pitch effectively because they have never seen that kind of pitching before. This is equivalent to a professional badminton player to step onto a tennis court. Though these sports are very similar with the same kind of big idea, they are very different. With tennis, the net is low to the ground and the court is bigger. In badminton, the net is high and the court in shorter. Badminton players must focus on the speed and spin of the birdie, tennis focuses on power and timing of the ball.

These two sports can easily compare in how important placing the ball is. The key for success in these sports is to hit the ball where the other player is not. To say one is harder than the other is unreasonable. Softball and baseball focus on different aspects as well, especially in hitting. Yes, a softball pitch has less reaction time to the ball, and yes, the angle is more difficult to hit affectively, but we can’t conclude this statement if a baseball player hasn’t practiced softball the same amount of time.

If a badminton player has played tennis for the same amount of time, we could see what sport that player has more success with. This can give a better measure for what sport has more difficulties than the other. The same concept applies to softball and baseball. There are little or no baseball players that also play fast pitch baseball. If there were any that did, there is no analysis on them. Overall, saying one sport is harder than the other is too broad of a statement.

Works Citied

H. (2014). Difference Between Tennis and Badminton. Retrieved November 23, 2016.