In 2015, there was an outbreak of polio (measles) in Disney there was a lot of people which makes it easier to spread the virus and start an outbreak. I believe that the worlds scientists are all working diligently to come up with a vaccination to cure polio. Although polio isn’t a major threat to the United States, it is in many other countries. Children are at a higher risk of contracting this virus and need to get the shot between 0 and 5 years of age due to their low immune system.
Safer Saws–childishharambe
1a. Manufacturers believe that blade guards work if people actually use them. Majority of injuries are reported when the blade guard is removed. A claim was made that in order to make many different kind of cuts the blade guard must be removed to perform the procedure.
1b. Manufacturers implement that the cost of the saw saw would be too costly. By them adopting their technology the saws will prevent the statistic found above from happening. The Power Tool Industry also known as (PTI) believes that safer technology is too expensive and they are worried more about now rather than later.
1c. A new form of technology which was created by a coalition of saw manufacturers produced SawStop. Unfortunately it is not available to be purchased by the consumer on the market. They argue that it is expensive and no one is going to want to pay for the saw because it is pricey and table saw owners pay enough as it is already.
2a. Customers or consumers who are familiar with the Safer Saws believe that this new technology will prevent tens of thousands of injuries every year.
2b. This quote is making the assumption that if the SawStop table saws were to be put on the market, it would give the SawStop an advantage due to the price.
2c. Ryszard Wec was injured on the job due to a saw that did not have the Safe Saw technology included with it. His claim was that this injury could have been prevented if he had been using a Safe Saw or something similar to it.
2d. This claim is attempting to give off the impression that the SawStop table saws would crippled the other competitors leaving them bankrupted or losing money. Nonetheless this is not accurate. The SafeSaws are not selling.
3a. “Current table safety standards have proven ineffective in protecting consumers.”
3b. This quote is declaring that they start looking out and trying to help the consumers.
3c. This is just an opinion from their standpoint.
3d. This claim mainly expressing its opinion without stating any real facts because they make claim about how it has been proven to be ineffective. However the quote doesn’t back the statement up with any results such as revealing test results from a survey that proves how ineffective they claim table safety standards to be.
4a.”Flesh detection and braking technology and user friendly blade guard(s) have been available for years. The flesh detection technology stops a blade instantly when its touched by human flesh. Wec says the technology could have prevented his 2007 injury from a Bosch miter saw.”
4b. This quote is stating that the cause of the injury could have been avoided because there is technology available to prevent this injury.
4c. This is a proposal claim because they are introducing the idea that the there is safer technology that could prevent injuries . However Bosch doesn’t use that technology and continues to use a different technology even though the safer technology has been around for years. By doing so they are trying to convince everyone that this injury could have been avoided because if they had the safer technology this injury would not have occurred.
4d. This claim is trying to convince everyone that the Bosch company is to blame for Wec’s injury. In doing so they introduce the idea that the there is alternative technology that could’ve avoided the injury. However rather then using that technology Bosch uses a technology that doesn’t stop the blade.
5a. “What you have is somebody who has invented a dramatic technology that seems to reduce virtually all the injuries associated with table saws.”
5b. This quote is declaring that someone has been able to reduce the number of injuries dealing with table saws by an enormous amount with their invention.
5c. This is a opinion claim because the quote states a claim, however they do not support their claim with any evidence.
5d. This quote is mainly stating an opinion that did not have any evidence to back up.
6a. “This week some of the nation’s biggest power tool companies sent their executives to Washington. They come to argue against tougher safety mandates for so-called table saws, the popular power tools with large open spinning blades.”
6b. This quote stating the biggest power tool companies of the nation sent a representative to give their opinions on why they are against tougher safety laws enforced.
6c. This is a a judgmental claim because the quote is focusing on how the nations biggest power tools are coming to go against safety mandates for table saws. By doing so the quote is mainly portraying the power tools coming as a negative instead of just stating facts.
6d. This quote is focusing more so on the power tools coming to oppose the safety mandates for table saws rather than remaining neutral and stating the facts of the situation. Furthermore at the end of the quote, is a even more judgemental claim because the quote focuses only one part of what the power tool’s table saws do instead of stating everything the saw can do. In doing so, they are leaving information out so the audience will only see one side of a story rather than understanding everything about the power tool’s table saws.
7a. “What the industry saw as a problem was not the amputations and injuries occurring on their product, but the advent of a technology that could prevent those injuries.That was the problem we created.”
7b. The quote is declaring with sarcasm that the industry had a problem with the manufacturers and him because they were capable of better handling the situation compared to the industry which could not.
7c. This an opinion claim because the industry he quote is not stating any supporting evidence to prove this is a true statement. Rather the claim is an opinion because this quote only was coming from one side.
7d. This quote mainly focuses on the opinion of Gass because the quote only states his opinion and does not state the opinion of the opposing side. Furthermore, the quote doesn’t have any evidence to support his claim to make his claim a valid one.
8a. “People who have lost fingers, hand, and arms to table saws have been devastated by their injuries. Those who who lack medical insurance suffer an unfathomable amount of pain, multiple surgeries, and a bill that they may never be able to pay so long as they they are unable to work.”
8b. This quote is stating the different injuries associated with table saws have gone through and talking about how the effects of the injuries have impacted their lives.
8c. This is a proposal quote because the quote is trying to bring awareness to the injuries people deal with when they are using regular table saws. In addition to the injuries, they list effects the injuries have on their lives.
8d. This quote goes through the injuries people have endured with table saws. Following the injuries these people have, the quote states how these injuries have affected the lives of their consumers.
Polio Notes-31Savage
Like most diseases, Polio is a disease we hope to eradicate. In an effort to eradicate the disease we’ll have to work together as a planet to accomplish 100 percent vaccination. It is nearly impossible to get all nations to work together without war, so the thought of us working together to end a disease is impossible. Even getting 50 percent vaccinations as a population is nearly impossible because there is always that one group of people who doesn’t agree with vaccinations. The influence of that one group can spread to many other groups. Getting 100 percent cooperation from everyone is like trying to have would piece. Some people don’t want world piece, so they will do what they can to sabotage any attempt to achieve it. Simply, some people are too selfish to do something for the greater good.
E08: Counterintuitive Predictions
Counterintuitive Predictions
1. True or False. What occurs in the world is not always reasonable, logical, or right. Even so, it might be true. You’ll decide whether the Premises below are True or False.
2. Reasonable or Unreasonable. People act for reasons other than logic; among them sympathy, loyalty, hope, fear, vested interest, greed, and ineptitude. You’ll decide whether the Premises below are Reasonable or Unreasonable.
3. Right or Wrong. Decisions based on logic or reason can be ethical and moral, unethical or immoral. You’ll decide whether the Premises below are Good or Bad, Ethical or Unethical, Moral or Immoral.
Your Predictions
Before hearing about the Mammogram team at Kaiser Permanente Hospital or reading the associated article, respond in three ways to the Premises below.
First: declare whether the statements made appear to be True or False (you could also answer Likely or Unlikely).
Second: declare whether the statements appear to be Reasonable or Unreasonable (or if you prefer: Batshit Crazy, or Not Insane).
Third: Declare the statements’ moral or ethical position to be Good or Bad. (If the statement doesn’t permit a moral judgment, you could still pronounce it a Good thing, or fundamentally Just Wrong.)
Respond in three ways for each Premise.
1. Likely / Batshit Crazy / Bad
2. False / Reasonable / Good
3. Unlikely / Unreasonable / Wrong
4. True / Not Crazy / Right
Of course, in paradise, the Reasonable would always be True and Good, and the Crazy would always be Untrue, and universally recognized as Bad. But we know better, don’t we? At the end of class, return to your predictions. How many of your expectations were met?
The Article
Mammogram Team Learns from its Errors
The Premises
1. Women who find out how many cancers their doctors miss in routine mammograms stop getting mammograms.
2. Radiologists who perform mammograms are held accountable for the accuracy of their readings.
3. A doctor who finds hundreds of tumors in a year and a half, but who misses 10, is almost always fired.
4. Doctors who read only a few mammograms a month are removed from film-reading teams so that they read none at all.
5. Publishing the failure rates of radiologists improves their accuracy to the best the discipline can achieve.
6. The best technique for improving diagnosis accuracy has been adopted by almost no radiology departments.
7. Congress demands that radiologists be held accountable for their accuracy at detecting tumors in mammogram films.
8. The 20,000 US doctors who read breast X-rays are trained to do so; their accuracy is known and tested.
9. The medical profession accepts that, to varying degrees, all doctors make the same mistakes.
10. Doctors who do mammographies follow up with those patients to discover whether their diagnoses were correct.
11. Doctors appreciate knowing whether they missed actual tumors or misread the “shadows and swirls” of a mammogram as a tumor.
12. The “shame” of confronting an incorrect diagnosis is a valuable teaching tool for doctors who diagnose cancers from mammograms.
13. An accuracy rate of 80% in detecting cancers from mammograms is something to brag about.
14. The best doctor to head a radiology department is a squeamish physician who trained as a lawyer and prefers not to deal with patients “and their blood.”
15. Radiology can be tracked well statistically because patients either have tumors or they don’t.
16. When the director of the radiology department discovers a way to improve the accuracy of cancer diagnoses, his method is immediately embraced by hospital administrators.
17. When New York hospitals began to publish their surgeons’ heart surgery successes and failures, the death rate fell by 40%.
18. The falling death rate meant that heart surgeons were doing more careful work.
19. Hospitals that reduce their false diagnoses proudly advertise that they “make 20% fewer errors” than their competitors.
20. Publishing the error rates of mammography radiologists results in an uncertain but significant number of cancer deaths in women who avoid testing.
21. A radiologist who is known to have missed a tumor is likely to have missed a dozen out of 3000 he declared to be tumor-free.
22. Out of those 3000, when 250 were scanned again, and 30 were biopsied, 10 were found to have cancers he had missed.
23. Finding those 10 cancers was reported as a front-page medical scandal instead of a triumph of an enlightened new technique for avoiding missed diagnoses.
24. Many of the 250 women who were told they needed followup were angry.
25. Of the ten whose cancers were missed by the first doctor but discovered in followup screenings, most sued the hospital for malpractice.
26. The doctor who missed the 10 tumors felt he had been treated unfairly, that only 3 of the cancers could be blamed on him, and that his error rate was acceptable.
27. After being fired, he was hired as a fill-in radiologist in five states bordering North Carolina.
28. The radiologists on the terminated doctor’s team supported him, not the hospital, and resent having their work scrutinized and their failure rates published.
29. While some doctors read 14,000 films a year, and others fewer than 500, failure rates are very similar.
30. Doctors who read just 500 films a year get re-assigned to other work since their sample size is too small to determine their accuracy.
31. Doctors who are “fired” from film reading based on low volume are relieved to have the diagnostic responsibility taken from them.
32. Doctors would rather bring a patient back for a second look or a biopsy than miss a tumor.
33. Doctors are much happier to find evidence on the film of a cancer that has “been around for awhile.”
34. Routinely experiencing the shame of missed diagnoses in tests every four months builds confidence in radiologists.
35. Most hospitals send out lists of actual missed tumors or “false negatives” to their radiologists every year so they can study the films they misinterpreted.
36. The Kaiser Permanente department has learned to detect various “presentations” of tumors on film by studying films of actual missed tumors after the fact.
37. In North Carolina, for every two cancers radiologists find, they miss one.
38. If the results at Kaiser Permanente were replicated nationwide, better than 80% of cancers would be found and 10,000 more cancers would be correctly detected each year.
39. False positives are easy to track, but almost nobody tracks false negatives (missed tumors that show up in later mammograms).
40. There is no routine followup for women who, on the basis of their mammograms, are determined to be tumor free.
41. Holding radiologists to a higher standard of competency results in reduced access to quality care.
42. Making failure rates public increases the likelihood of malpractice claims, which in turn drives up insurance rates, which in turn drives good doctors from the field.
43. Having two doctors instead of one review every film improves accuracy and drives down costs.
44. A nationwide 70% effectiveness rate is considered the best that can be achieved practically and politically.
45. Government oversight of physician performance to standardize techniques nationally has actually reduced accuracy.
46. Dr. Adcock, who improved effectiveness in his radiology department by 25%, took himself off the team when his volume dropped.
47. The most conscientious doctors, who agonize over the presence or absence of tumors on every film, are by far the most effective.
48. When they have a choice, women are best served by the doctors who send the largest percentage of women for biopsies because they miss the fewest cancers.
49. The best indicator of whether a doctor is competent to read mammograms is the number of times she’s been sued.
50. A good day for mammograms is Mother’s Day, when many clinics offer free or discounted exams.
The Blind Summary.
When you finish classifying the claims for Truth/Reasonableness/Goodness, in one paragraph, try to summarize the article you have not read. Use the heading “BLIND SUMMARY.”
Missing Summaries
The following students have not posted Replies to Counterintuitive Predictions (the Mammography Exercise) containing Blind Summaries:
31savage / aaspiringwriter / akayoye / alfonsemucha / anonymous / bluedream1997 / brobeanfarms / celticpiney26 / childishharambe / collegekid9 / darnell18 / dublin517 / edwardnihlman / jsoccer5 / phillyfan321 / princess272 / saints72 / smokesdabear / thathawkman / themelodicpoet / theshiftyyman / theshocker69 / wvuhockey
Failing grades for this exercise are likely unless these delinquencies are cleared promptly.
Safer Saw Claims
1) Manufacturer
“The combination of safety, unparalleled design and craftsmanship has made SawStop the #1 cabinet saw in North America.”
According to the manufacturer, the quality and design of StopSaw makes it a safe product but is anything which a blade spinning at 5,000 rpms ever completely safe?
2) Customer
“This was the best table saw on the market and the blade brake was a game changer destined to carve out a big chunk of market share for SawStop.”
Calling something “the best” anything is more often than not a matter of opinion. It also depends on the criteria by which you’re judging.
3) Industry Spokespeople
“They note that under some circumstances, SawStop can stop a blade without skin contact–such as when the blade touches conductive materials like metal or very wet wood.”
This assumes, as well as implies, that the saw operator would be foolish enough to put soaked wood or wood with nails/screws/staples in it through a saw. A seasoned wood worker knows that running materials like that through any saw can damage the blade and mechanism. If the consumer wasn’t aware of that then it doesn’t really matter what saw they use, the probability of being injured instantly becomes higher and they probably shouldn’t be using a saw to begin with.
4) Consumer Safety Advocate
“I believe that if we don’t see a voluntary standard soon, that we should look at making this product a part of our rule making so we can build that in as part of a mandatory standard.”
This quote comes from Inez Tenenbaum, the new chairman at the CPSC. It sounds like he’s assuming that others with the CPSC will agree with him. He’ll also most likely be facing major pushback from saw manufacturers.
5) Injured Plaintiff
“This technology is revolutionary.”
Is it really revolutionary? Is it involving or causing a complete or dramatic change? That you’re no longer at risk for losing another finger? You’re already short one, StopSaw isn’t bringing it back and that is what I’d consider revolutionary.
6) Personal Injury Lawyer
“The CPSC has the power to put an end to those unnecessary tragedies.”
This statement assumes that if the CSPC requires all saw manufacturers to use the StopSaw technology that no one would ever be seriously injured by a table saw again. They fail to take into account all the table saws already in the workshops of consumers. Unless these consumers elect to purchase brand new saws, they are still at risk for “tragedy.”
7) News Reporters
“Within a few thousandths of a second, the blade slammed to a stop.”
The blade did not stop itself, it was forced to stop by a massive chunk of aluminum. The phrasing of this claim is misleading on the amount of damage actually occurring when StopSaw’s flesh sensing technology is called into action.
E06 Safer Saws- Dublin517
1.) Manufacturers: Mission statement from Sawstop website
a.) “ Our saws, besides being the highest quality and best featured saws in their market segments, feature the ability to detect contact with skin and stop the blade in less than 5 milliseconds.”
b.) The manufacturers of Sawstop are saying that their saw is the highest quality saw and can tell when it is in contact with skin and stops immediately.
c.) This claim is both factual and opinionated. It is undeniable that the saw stops after 5 milliseconds, becuase it has been tested and experimented upon in order to prove so. However, there is no evidence to back up that it is the “highest quality and best featured saw in their market segments.” that is the opinion of the Sawstop company.
d.) I do not doubt that Sawstop saws are high quality, but to say that they are the highest quality is the company’s attempt to persuade people into buying their saw. I believe by mentioning the speed in which the saw stops (when in contact with human skin) is a logical aspect that is persuading enough! For the most part, the information is believable and accurate; overall, the sentence is not that ridiculous of a tagline to be used in trying to sell their product.
2.) Customers: Testimony from Sawstop website
a.) “Some stacked material fell over and pushed my hand into the blade. SawStop saved my finger and allowed me to avoid a costly trip to the hospital.”
b.) An accident occurred in this contractor workshop, and the Sawstop blade prevented him from needing medical assistance.
c.) This is a factual and even categorical claim.
d.)The customer tells the story of how his hand got pushed onto the blade and why the Sawstop mechanism was triggered-this could be false, but as far as we are aware it is true. He says that the Sawstop blade “saved” his finger, which is an accurate statement because regular table saws are known for taking fingers completely off. He categorizes those serious types of injuries as costly and hospital worthy; which most sane people would agree with. The claim is accurate and persuasive in conveying the quality of the Sawstop blade.
3.) Power Tool Reviewer: Clint DeBoer, an Author from ProTool Review online magazine
a.) No offense, but I don’t think this is a move by Bosch (or any other tool manufacturer for that matter) to prevent safety devices, but simply a move to prevent the unintended consequences of adding mandatory safety devices that would, in some instances, double the price of entry level power saws.
b.) Clint DeBoer, is arguing that the saw manufacturers are declining to use Sawstop technology, not to be unsafe, but to keep the price of entry level power saws affordable.
c.) This is an opinion claim.
d.) This is clearly DeBoer’s opinion, it is an informal sentence “No offense, but I don’t think…” in which he why he gives his thoughts on why Bosch did not utilize Sawstop technology. He is an author reporting on the drama occurring in Washington over these saws, it’s his purpose to give his opinion. I think this is a reasonable claim and can see the logic he uses to base his argument. The companies do not want to prevent entry-level consumers from being able to afford a saw, and if a safety requirement was to be set in place, the price of all saws would go up!
e.) I do think there are ulterior motives however, DeBoer does not address how the companies may just be avoiding the cost of licensing the technology takes away from the company’s profits.
4.) Injured Plaintiff: Ryszard Wec
a.) “By agreeing not [to] employ such safer alternatives, defendant and its competitors attempted to assure that those alternatives would not become ‘state of the art,’ thereby attempting to insulate themselves from liability for placing a defective product on the market”
b.) Wec is saying that the saw manufacturers are not adopting the Sawstop technology, in order to protect themselves from lawsuits and liability surrounding saws without the technology.
c.)This is an opinion claim.
d.) Potentially, there are many reasons why the company would not want to include the Sawstop technology, like prices for instance. However, what Wec says is reasonable, and a logical assumption to come to. The statement is not ridiculous and far-fetched, in fact it is quite believable, however; it is only one opinion.
5.) Industry Spokespeople: Power Tool Institute
a.) “Logic dictates that this increase in accident rate on SawStop saws is due primarily to a user’s decision to use the blade guard less frequently due to a “sense of security” in having the SawStop flesh-sensing technology on the saw.”
b.) The Power Tool Institute is saying that the assumed reason for the higher level of accidents in Sawstops is because people do not use the blade guard as a result of the safety promised by the Sawstop technology.
c.) This is an opinion claim.
d.) This claim was found under the title “Unintended Consequences [of the Sawstop]”. This sounds like a logical explanation, people feel more safe with the Sawstop and therefore feel as though the blade guard is pointless. This is not an unreasonable statement. However it is misleading because it makes itself sound like a proven statistic, when really it is just an assumption “logic dictates”.
e.) While this is a reasonable cause and effect idea, based on what I have read from other sources, a lot of consumers do not use the blade guard ever, Sawstop or not. The blade guard is apparently difficult to use for most types of projects, which sounds more reasonable than the conjecture provided by the Power Tool Institute.
6.) News Reporter: Myron Levin-Mother Jones
a.) “For more than a decade, toolmakers and the Power Tool Institute, their trade group, have defended the design of conventional table saws and their decision to not adopt SawStop or a similar safety device.”
b.) This claim is describing the current state of affairs with the Sawstop technology. The manufacturers do not want to adopt the Sawstop.
C.) For the most part, I see this as a factual claim.
d.) Based on all of the reading I have done for this assignment, the general consensus backs up this claim. Ever since Gass came out with Sawstop, the toolmaking companies have been refusing it, and the Power Tool Institute supports them. This is probably the most reasonable and agreeable statement I have chosen.
7.) Consumer Safety Advocates: Chairman Inez M. Tenenbaum of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
a.) “Last year, I called on the table saw industry to address this hazard through the voluntary standards process and work to prevent the needless injuries that occur each and every day. Despite my public urging for the power tool industry to make progress voluntarily on preventing these injuries, no meaningful revisions to the voluntary standard were made.”
b.) The chairman said that he asked the table saw industry to make improvements in safety voluntarily, and they still have not made any serious improvements.
c.) I believe this is a factual as well as opinionated claim.
d.) It is fact that Tenenbaum asked the companies to comply voluntarily, but what exactly is a meaningful revision? The definition of what Tenenbaum calls a meaningful revision to the safety of saws, may be a very different definition to say, a manufacturer. However, the rest of the claim is still logical and believable.
8.) Amputee: Mike M.
a.) “It gets to your finances, with doctor bills, medications and things you can’t do any more to make money you used to make.”
b.) Mike is saying that the loss of his finger has put a financial burden on his life.
c.)This is an opinion claim.
d.) This claim is showing the effects of not having Sawstop, it can financially affect a person for the rest of their life. This claim was found on the Sawstop website and is used to persuade consumers into buying a safer saw. It is an accurate summation of the affects of an amputation.
Polio Notes-Beyonce1234
- Children, ages between 0-5 years, are more exposed to polio because of their active curiosity to feel turds.
- They are exposed to other toddlers as well, therefor, polio exposer.
- Cases can be tracked to someone local, and new people coming in can catch polio.
- We are at the least amount of polio cases in the world right now, but can never get to zero.
- These cases can be compared to small pox, and this illness is basically gone.
- Because we do not see cases of small pox now-a-days, doctors tend to not focus on the illness that can possibly come back.
- In Nigeria, it was rumored that the muslims couldn’t take the vaccination because it would be against there religion.
- Nigeria is one of the few places in the world where polio exist.
- If there isn’t polio all around the world, and there is people that has never heard of such an illness, why should they take the vaccination?
- The vaccine is a liquid that is placed of a child’s tongue. The vaccine will go into the body and attack bad bacteria, and taking it about three times, will make it 100% effective.
- Giving these vaccinations to every child in one country, three times, is extremely difficult to keep track of.
- Even though there are not many with this disease, millions of children can easily catch the illness without notice.
- January, 2015, someone spent a day at Disneyland with measles, and then thousands of people captured that same illness. This then spread throughout the world.
- Because there hasn’t been measles for years and years, doctors don’t know what it looks like. This just spreads it even more, and now millions of people are ill.
- If people cared more about getting vaccines, these diseases will not spread as fast. There needs to more effort for this not to happen again.
- The only way it could be completely inactivated, is if we spent more money for the more effective vaccine and gave it to every one in the world.
- Some also believe that the vaccines may cause autism.
Practice Opening
While the children around the world, are just being kids, they are also just being exposed to diseases. Vaccines for diseases have a high percentage of satisfactory. Living in a world with many illnesses and diseases, it seems simple to make sure we are healthy and doing what we can to prevent becoming ill. However, every day people walk out of restrooms without cleansing their hands. This seems like the most simple task to prevent germs and the common cold, though, people choose not to take that one minute out of their day. Putting a few drops on a child’s tongue a few times to prevent polio seems reasonable, though parents choose not to do so. Just because polio is not common, doesn’t mean we shouldn’t care. We hear every where we go to “think of the children” “it is all about the children,” though, adults lack protecting them from illness by providing a simple vaccine. If adults put the extra, quick and easy step, our children will always be protected from this paralyzing disease.
Polio Notes- thesilentbutdeadlycineman
- Polio requires the vaccination of children between the age of 0-5, because immune system is not strong enough, and they are generally dirty. Goes through mouth and then comes out through poop.
- Polio always comes through the mouth, making it very common in children.
- Polio used to be a global problem until the 70s and 80s, when inexpensive and effective vaccines had successfully eradicate the virus on 99% of the world.
- Once polio is totally eradicated, it will be gone forever.
- Armed conflicts stifle the eradication of polio due to unsanitary nature.
- Polio is easy to spread, unless the population is vaccinated and careful, and sanitary.
- Endemic polio is only India, Afganistan, Syria,and Nigeria.
- About 100 cases of polio now
- In Nigeria, in Khano, there was a rumor that vaccine contained pork, which came from the idea that the live virus used the growth medium connected to bone marrow of pigs. Months later, cases of polio broke out.
- People from Khano then traveled to Lagos, where the population was much bigger. Soon enough, Nigeria had polio.
- In Pakistan, US though Bin Laden was hiding there. Brought a polio eradication team (who were secretly CIA spies) to find Bin Laden, which they eventually did. Now, if another polio team would come, the people will refuse the vaccination, as they will believe that the team is actually more spies.
- In India, on the same day, beginning in places where the liquid vaccine is kept cold (which needs to be administered in three doses of 2-3 drops on the tongue),WHO gets a lot of volunteers to go to many villages and find children and give them the vaccines. Now, there are only 9-10 cases of Polio per year.
- Cost is one big factor of why not everyone has received a vaccine. Laziness is also another factor.
- When a virus hasn’t been seen for a generation, people stop caring and vaccinating, until the virus comes back because of 1%, causing those same people to be clueless as what to do now.
- Polio shuts down the body and causes major paralysis.
Practice Opening
Polio is very easy to spread, but also very easy to eradicate. All it takes for the disease to stop spreading is to apply two to three drops of the vaccine on people’s tongues on three different occasions, and a generally sanitary environment. And if polio, which is spread through people’s mouths, is totally eradicated, it will never return. However, even though our world is about 99% safe from polio, there is still the 1% that can restart a major outbreak. Due to factors such as the cost of the vaccine, unsanitary nature of the environments, and general laziness, places like Afghanistan, India, Syria, and Nigeria are still battling a fluctuating number of polio cases. If this polio ever returns to the United States, we will most likely not know how to deal with it properly, as we haven’t had to combat it since we had previously stopped it over a generation ago. With all this in mind, the likelihood that polio will be completely eradicated in the next 20 years is slim to none.
Safer Saws-Beyonce1234
1A: Clint DeBoer states, in his Bosch Tools SawStop Lawsuit summary that, “The Power Tool Institute (made up of many of the major tool manufacturers) takes strong offense to the concept of making safety devices like this mandatory on products like table saws.”
1B: This quote states, the company isn’t for having the SawStop safety involved with power tools.
1c: This is an evaluation claim because there is a judgement about strongly the company feels about having to deal with adding the SawStop technology. This can not be measured nor assessed. This convinces readers to believe that because they are offended about the idea.
1d: The claim makes the issue of not wanting the SawStop technology personal. People get offended because of something they are against or hurt by something. It seems that they are offended by even having the SawStop invented was hurtful to them. As if Steve Gass should have thought about the issues the Power Tool Institute will have.
2a: From a customers who has bought and used the SawStop, “The purchase of this saw has raised the bar on all my other shop tools.”
2b: The customer is clearly satisfied with their purchase of SawStop. They believe that if the other tools do not have this technology, then they will probably not by it.
2c: This is a opinion claim. The customer made their opinion that SawStop is better than other tools because of its stop technology. Though this person believes that it is better, others might not.
2d: The claim states that the customer believes that this is the most effective tool they now have, compared to the other tools. They have some sort of tool standard and the SawStop is now their best tool. All their other tools do not compare to how good the SawStop is.
3a: In Clint DeBoer’s lawsuit article, he states: “Mr. Schiech indicated that if the Commission issued a mandatory rule it would be extremely difficult for the industry to comply because of patent restrictions on sensor technology.”
3b: If the safety invention had to be used in all tools, it would be hard for companies because of the few rights given for this kind of technology.
3c: This is a evaluation claim. We do not know for sure that it would be difficult, but evidence can back up predictions.
3d: The claim here states that their are issues when it comes to sensor technology. The issues are not listened so we don’t know what they are. It is too hard for the industry to make this rule mandatory because of these issues.
4a: In the small article on NCL states,”The benefits of improving table saw safety clearly outweigh the cost.”
4b: The cost of putting the SawStop technology is better than getting a finger amputated.
4c: This can be a factual claim because paying more money to be safe is, in fact, better than dealing with a lost finger, hospital bills, etc. It would not make sense if someone would say that they rather lose a finger than pay an extra $100.
4d: This claim states that there is obvious reasons to improve the safety of table tools, and that they are more reasonable than worrying about money and other issues. Safety first.
5a: A quote from The Courthouse News Service: “Wec says his permanent and “traumatic injury” could have been prevented if Bosch and its competitors had not rejected and fought against the safety technology.”
5b: If the mandatory rule to add SawStop to all table saw were not vanished, this injury would not have happened.
5c: This is a proposal claim because Wec is trying to tell Bosch that he still should accept the safety technology. He is using himself as a real example to Bosch, and he his saying that it is Bosch’s fault.
5d: This claim states that table saw injuries are caused from lack of safety technology. If Bosch did not reject the rule to use the technology in table saws, Wec’s injury would not have happened. If the technology was being used, then there would be no injuries.
6a: The Courthouse News Service also states: “Wec demands more than $30,000 from Bosch for negligence, breach of warranty and product liability. He is represented by Michael Cushing.”
6b: Wec is suing Bosch for their carelessness. He also has a lawyer.
6c: This is a factual claim because all parts are true and can be proven so.
6d: Because Wec was injured from actions of Bosch, Wec decides to take action to court, making it a judges decision on who is to blame for table saw injuries. Michael Cushing will also be defending Wec.
7a: The Bosch Tool SawStop lawsuit states, “By agreeing not [to] employ such safer alternatives, defendant and its competitors attempted to assure that those alternatives would not become ‘state of the art,’ thereby attempting to insulate themselves from liability for placing a defective product on the market.”
7b: SawStop can be too much of a scientific invention, and there might be risk of this not working. If one product isn’t made properly, then there could be injuries.
7c: This is a proposal claim because it is saying if the invention is on the market it could cause defects in the way it’s supposed to work. This is saying what way something should be and giving a reason.
7d: The claim states that there could be issues regarding how reliable the product would be on the market. There could be that one in thousands of working SawStops that doesn’t stop when touched by a finger. It is too much of a “high tech” invention to be reliable.
8a: News reporter Chris Arnold states: “I found out that table saws cause thousands of these really horrible injuries every year.”
8b: Chris Arnold went into research and saw who severe and often saw accidents really are.
8c: This is a factual claim because Arnold researched a fact that he saw surprising. It is true that thousands of table saw accidents happen every year. It is a fact that he didn’t know this before and now he does.
8d: This claims that the injures of table saws are often and severe. This also claims that Arnold must have done research to find this fact because he said “I found out.”
9a: After trying the invention on himself, Steve Gass described the SawStop as, “It felt a little like a buzz or a tickle almost.”
9b: This states that his invention does work and he only felt just a small cut instead of major injury. By putting his own finger to the saw, it didn’t hurt him. He describes what it felt like to touch the spinning blade for a thousands of a second.
9c: This is a factual claim because it is true that Gass did not get injured by the saw stopping when he touched it. This proves that his invented works and is successful.
9d: There is only one small injury with no emergency situation. It seems silly to describe a cut caused by a table saw as just a little tickle, but this just proves that his own invention works and is reliable.
Polio Notes-lmj20
- If the world was polio free for one minute, it would always be polio free.
- Complacency has caused the world to become vulnerable to polio.
- Many families are choosing not to vaccinate their children.
- Eradicating polio can be deadly.
- It has not been made a high priority in this generation.
- The United States has used polio vaccination as a ploy to spy on Pakistan.
- Force may be needed in order to stop resistance against the polio vaccination.
Practice Opening
Complacency in the United States continues to bring the world farther away from eradicating polio. Polio is portrayed as a disease of the past when in reality it has not yet been eradicated. This misconception about polio not being serious has led many families to decide not to vaccinate their children. However, all it takes is one infected child in a highly populated area to cause a resurgence of the disease. As more children are not being vaccinated, more children become vulnerable to this type of possible outbreak. Eradicating polio must be made a higher priority in order for it to ever be successful.
Rowan Counterintuitive 