• Polio requires the vaccination of children between the age of 0-5, because immune system is not strong enough, and they are generally dirty. Goes through mouth and then comes out through poop.
• Polio always comes through the mouth, making it very common in children.
• Polio used to be a global problem until the 70s and 80s, when inexpensive and effective vaccines had successfully eradicate the virus on 99% of the world.
• Once polio is totally eradicated, it will be gone forever.
• Armed conflicts stifle the eradication of polio due to unsanitary nature.
• Polio is easy to spread, unless the population is vaccinated and careful, and sanitary.
• Endemic polio is only India, Afganistan, Syria,and Nigeria.
• About 100 cases of polio now
• In Nigeria, in Khano, there was a rumor that vaccine contained pork, which came from the idea that the live virus used the growth medium connected to bone marrow of pigs. Months later, cases of polio broke out.
• People from Khano then traveled to Lagos, where the population was much bigger. Soon enough, Nigeria had polio.
• In Pakistan, US though Bin Laden was hiding there. Brought a polio eradication team (who were secretly CIA spies) to find Bin Laden, which they eventually did. Now, if another polio team would come, the people will refuse the vaccination, as they will believe that the team is actually more spies.
• In India, on the same day, beginning in places where the liquid vaccine is kept cold (which needs to be administered in three doses of 2-3 drops on the tongue),WHO gets a lot of volunteers to go to many villages and find children and give them the vaccines. Now, there are only 9-10 cases of Polio per year.
• Cost is one big factor of why not everyone has received a vaccine. Laziness is also another factor.
• When a virus hasn’t been seen for a generation, people stop caring and vaccinating, until the virus comes back because of 1%, causing those same people to be clueless as what to do now.
• Polio shuts down the body and causes major paralysis.

Practice Opening

Polio is very easy to spread, but also very easy to eradicate. All it takes for the disease to stop spreading is to apply two to three drops of the vaccine on people’s tongues on three different occasions, and a generally sanitary environment. And if polio, which is spread through people’s mouths, is totally eradicated, it will never return. However, even though our world is about 99% safe from polio, there is still the 1% that can restart a major outbreak. Due to factors such as the cost of the vaccine, unsanitary nature of the environments, and general laziness, places like Afghanistan, India, Syria, and Nigeria are still battling a fluctuating number of polio cases. If this polio ever returns to the United States, we  will most likely not know how to deal with it properly, as we haven’t had to combat it since we had previously  stopped it over a generation ago. With all this in mind, the likelihood that polio will be completely eradicated in the next 20 years is slim to none.

 

• If the world was polio free for one minute, it would always be polio free.
• Complacency has caused the world to become vulnerable to polio.
• Many families are choosing not to vaccinate their children.
• Eradicating polio can be deadly.
• It has not been made a high priority in this generation.
• The United States has used polio vaccination as a ploy to spy on Pakistan.
• Force may be needed in order to stop resistance against the polio vaccination.

Practice Opening

Complacency in the United States continues to bring the world farther away from eradicating polio. Polio is portrayed as a disease of the past when in reality it has not yet been eradicated. This misconception about polio not being serious has led many families to decide not to vaccinate their children. However, all it takes is one infected child in a highly populated area to cause a resurgence of the disease. As more children are not being vaccinated, more children become vulnerable to this type of possible outbreak. Eradicating polio must be made a higher priority in order for it to ever be successful.

• Polio is extremely contagious
• Measles appeared in the United States due to one person having it in Disney Land which is located in California where many people are unvaccinated.
• India, despite billions in population, only have nine to ten cases of polio.
• The polio vaccine costs about eight cents to produce.
• Some people choose to not get vaccinated since a majority of people are already immune/vaccinated.
• Adults fight off polio better than children.
• If every children under five was vaccinated then 250 kids would become paralyzed and contract the disease.
• There is a more expensive version of the vaccination used in the United States that has zero chance of causing polio. It is in the dollars rather than cents.
• Some believe that vaccines cause autism so they choose not to have their children vaccinated.
• Muslims are against the vaccination due to pork being involved in the making of the vaccination.

Practice Opening:

No matter how hard the world tries, in 20 years polio will not be eradicated. There will always be that less than one percent of people who remain unvaccinated for one of many reasons. Whether it is fearing that the child may contract the disease or autism from the vaccine, or disliking the components of the vaccination, there are too many reasons for why people will not be vaccinated for polio to ever be eradicated. India’s population of over a billion people only has eight or nine at any given time with polio. This is representative of how no matter how much the world gets rid of polio, it will still be slightly present somewhere.

• Medical treatment facilities should recognize all diseases, even those considered “wiped out.”
• Due to poor sanitary practices in foreign countries, it does not take much for an epidemic to turn into a pandemic.
• We need legislation to act upon the remaining 1% of Poliomyelitis in the world. Legislation should entail volunteers and funding to help eradicate this disease.
• The goal to eradicate Polio is so close, yet so far. Our legislative system seems broken by their inability to provide will power and resources to help eliminate all cases of Polio.
• The benefits of vaccinating 250 people, in which might cause paralysis, to eradicate Polio far outweighs hundreds or even thousands of potential Polio cases a year. This proposal is quite radical, but should be considered as a viable option as opposed to much more severe consequences.
• The unpredictability of refugees in today’s society should be sufficient evidence that all diseases should be taken seriously until proven to be eradicated.
• Legislators should require vaccinations for children in an effort to ensure the safety of themselves and others around them.
• People need to care more about vaccines. The lack of trust comes from the poor and residents of foreign countries due to a lack of sufficient funding and volunteers.
• If eliminating Polio in other foreign countries seems nearly impossible, why haven’t we placed laws in effect all around the world to make immunizations mandatory?
• The system of vaccinating people is broken because the drops have been proven to work, but the lack of effort to expand this vaccine has led to a remaining 1% of Polio cases left in the world.
• Polio vaccination efforts are common, but the ironic truth is that there are still laws in place to deny immunizations. How do we expect to eradicate Polio if these laws do not reflect our ultimate goal?
• General reluctance for vaccinations has led to perfect conditions for Polio to return.
• Vaccines do not cause autism. There is thin evidence to help support their claim that the measles vaccination in fact causes autism. Further research and analysis should be conducted.

Practice Opening

The drastic decrease in Polio cases around the world since the 1970’s has been astronomical, but could also be an indication of a future epidemic. There is still a remaining 1% of Poliomyelitis in the world and the general reluctance for vaccinations has led to the perfect conditions for Polio to return. In simple terms, we need to show that we still care. An increase in funding and volunteers would allow the poor and residents from foreign countries to receive vaccinations, which would help to expedite this process. If we are able to receive enough funding and come to together for a disease that has taken so many innocent lives, we will eradicate this disease and prevent a future epidemic.

• Polio requires all children to get immunized.
• Virus is introduced in the mouth and lives in the intestines.
• Children are most vulnerable and especially around the months of October and November.
• Virus can be spread through open water and in feces. Children attract it when a child touches water or infected area and puts fingers in mouth.
• Very close to completely irradiation polio for only the second time in human history.
• Only is within humans, therefore if we eradicate it within humans it will be gone forever.
• Takes will power and concentration, hard to accomplish during times of war and struggle.
• Outbreak in Syria in 2014.
• Polio can cause fatal paralysis.
• Polio is a lot more rare during our lifetime than it used to be, therefore we have made progress but have yet to completely get rid of the disease like we got rid of small pox.
• Polio tends to be spread in third world countries as well as war ridden areas which are usually less sanitary and less vaccinations are given.
• The simple answer to prevent polio and eventually get rid of it is to vaccinate the young and to be over-cautious, although like we did with measles people can become complacent and that is when an outbreak occurs again.
• Vaccinations ar every affordable and manageable.
• Single dose which is all you need costs less than a dime.
• Vaccination once admitted can be passed through feces just like the actual disease can be passed through feces.
• 1 out of every 3 million, of the vaccination virus can in fact cause paralysis.
• Single-day efforts can immunize hundreds of thousands of children under the age 5.
• In order to save everyone from polio we would have to spend 10x as much on our polio vaccine. Otherwise 250 must suffer.
• People believe measles vaccination cause autism and is why people are hesitant on vaccinations as a whole.
• Like measles, polio vaccinations should be required to attend school. Jobs should require certain vaccinations for possible deadly viruses.

Practice Opening

Polio is not yet eradicated but has a very high bar of possibility to be. The efforts to terminate devastating disease such as polio all comes down to the will and drive to do so. Polio lives in and only in human intestines, human beings are the only threat. Therefore, if everyone becomes overly aware and tosses their conspiracies put the window, we can get rid of this disease with early mandatory vaccinations. The cost is low, the volunteer interest in single-day efforts are high and the results are great. Polio is on its way out the door within the next 10-20 years as long as our efforts and desire are strong.

• Polio goes in the mouth and live in the intestines
• Kids are more vulnerable because they lack hygiene
• used to be a global problem where 1000 kids a day were diagnosed
• 1980s – inexpensive vaccines have made possible to eradicate the virus to 98% of the world
• only lives in humans, once we eradicate for a minute, gone forever
• desire for people to help every child, which does not happen during war times
• couple of hundred cases a year, making us that close to getting rid of polio
• nigeria rumor spread on radio and tv that vaccine contained pork and that muslims couldn’t take it
• cia agents used the polio virus as an excuse to find Osama  so the town will think we are lying if we go there and try to cure everyone with polio
• sometimes vaccine has to be done 3 times to create a immunity that will last for life
• Immunity needs to be at 90% and not 100%
• In india we are at 9-10 cases a year which means we are that close

 

Practice Opening

Polio, a virus just like measles, has a way of dying off completely but we will never reach that time.  The problem with the vaccines are that one is dead in which we use in the United States, but in other less advanced countries with no money have a live one in which can still give a kid the virus with slim chance.  We can get them the dead vaccine but that comes with a high price in which we do not have for other countries.  So the only way to get rid of it as a whole is if all the countries come together which will not happen.  So sad to say, it will always be out there affecting people just because we are all to lazy and will not come together.

• Children between the age of 0 and 5 are more vulnerable to polio, adults can get this disease but not as likely
• If someone with polio is in the water upstream people who are in the water downstream are likely to get this disease
• 1,000 children a day worldwide had polio
• A million a year would get polio and suffer from this disease
• Inexpensive and effective vaccines have completely eradicated the polio disease
• it is difficult to pass this disease if there isn’t that many people who are in the area of one who has polio so they cannot spread it.
• Only four countries still have polio and is so seriously effected by this disease
• Polio is a very contagious disease
• People believe that a vaccination is in a pig.
• It is important to get this disease cured because it can spread to people around you if not cured.
• The virus can be spread by the vaccine itself

 

Practice Opening

I am personally not a firm believer that the polio disease will be eradicated. It is very expensive to give out billions of vaccines to everyone in the world. Even though polio is a dangerous disease once it hasn’t been seen or heard of for generations a country doesn’t see it as a threat anymore, so they don’t take action. We get too comfortable and believe that it is impossible to come back. There will always be someone who is not vaccinated for this disease.

 

Lecture Notes

• Children should be vaccinated prior to the age of 5 as this is when they are most vulnerable to getting the virus.
• The virus is introduced in the mouth and comes out in the intestines.
• It use to be a massive global problem, paralyzing many people.
• Polio is now gone in almost 99% of the world.
• It only lives in humans, and doesn’t live outside the body for very long and once eradicated for a minute it will be gone for forever.
• It is way to hard to immunize everyone because of war and third world country.
• Because of war there was a serious outbreak of polio that spread to Iraq creating the children there to be vulnerable.
• Polio is only in 4 countries currently
• Fewer than 200 cases of polio
• Due to conspiracy theory that mass immunization is bad makes it so that it can not be eradicated completely.
• A rumor was created that the vaccine was containing pork and that muslims could not take this, cause many people to not be vaccinated.
• Because of the CIA spies used the polio vaccine to find Osama Binladin and for a long time after people of those areas did not trust anyone coming in to give vaccines.
• the Vaccine needs to be cold, administered by drops on the tounge, and there is never too much or too little, often has to be done 3 times.
• India has accomplished many times to mass immunize.
• It is extremely expensive to administer millions of vaccines.
• When people no longer think polio will affect anyone, because there are much more serious diseases killing our children, people no longer vaccinate.
• California is one of the few states that makes it easy to not vaccinate your child so they are more vulnerable, which is why there was an outbreak of measles in Disney Land, which then caused an outbreaks in NY and Canada and at least 8 other states.
• either 250 people purposefully get polio to get rid of it completely or then multiple hundred possibly thousands will get it a year.
• there was a time period that people believe vaccinating children from polio will cause autism but since this paper was released 10 of the 12 authors have recinded their relation to this theory.

 

Practice Opening: 

Polio is a very deadly disease that has a cure. While it has a cure there is very little chance that it will ever be completely eradicated due to less developed countries and people feeling they no longer need to vaccinated from this disease as they have never seen it. Because of these circumstances polio will continue to spread worldwide never coming to a complete eradication anytime soon.

In this day and age everyone is so scared of a terrorist attack killing a few hundred people. In reality we should be scared of a polio outbreak that could potentially take out thousands of un immunized people. If everyone was forced by law to give a vaccination for polio then the illness could be killed off completely within a few years. If the disease has no where to spread and grow then it would have no choice but to die off completely. After a few years we could stop having to give the vaccination and the illness would be extinct.

• It can spread through feces. It can spread through a stream. It lives in the human intestine. It can also spread through a fly landing on feces and carrying it elsewhere.
• It kills 1 in 1,000 kids that it effects. It thrives in places with turmoil and chaos among them. Yet, it can also spread in more advanced countries as well. Children are sadly the most vulnerable to this disease.
• If the we could manage to have the world be polio free for a few minutes and sustain that, it would be gone and a thing of the past from there on out. Tens of billions of dollars have been put to use in an attempt to eliminate the disease. Yet, it is a disease that has not been seen by these people because the places most affected by polio do not embrace this help. It spreads rapidly and is extremely deadly.
• Much like  cases of measles, we do not care because we are vaccinated and think it cannot happen to us. This same lazy mentality applied to cases of polio could be potentially dangerous because just since you cannot see it, does not mean it is not there.
• Adults fight it off better than children do, and shockingly children under 5 are the most vulnerable to contracting polio. If every child under 5 years old were to be vaccinated for polio at the same time, 250 kids would be paralyzed as a result and actually contract polio.
• Vaccinations that do not run the risk of giving patients polio do exist, but they are significantly more expensive. And this disease exists primarily in areas that are not very wealthy to say the least. Years ago our country went into Pakistan to give immunizations for polio, but were really there primarily to gather intelligence about Osama Bin Laden. After killing him, the trust of their people when it comes to immunizations from the U.S. was greatly diminished.

Practice Opening:

Polio is a deadly disease with a cure, but still revolves and spreads rapidly in less advanced countries. The likelihood of the disease being eradicated in the next 20 years is slim. The reason behind this is that the countries that suffer the most from polio are extremely poor. Therefore, they resort to the less expensive vaccinations that still give certain patients polio. In this case, it will continue to circulate until these countries come into some more money, which is not expected to happen within the next 20 years.