Month: April 2018

White Paper draft 3-Thenaturalist201

Thenaturalist201’s Proposal

For my research essay, I will be arguing that multiracial people of a lighter skin color, in fact, do not have “White Privilege” and that they are put down for their skin color by races that they are actually part of. I will be using a study done by Salahuddin and O’Brien as their study shows that multiracial people specially suffer discrimination and that they have more problems with identifying themselves. This is a major social problem around the world and really should be considering how far we as people have had to come to believe that people are “equal”, but because of this stigma of color people are unable to really be equal. This includes all people of color who may not appear that way because of their skin color. 

I propose that multiracial people with lighter skin color do not receive privilege that is believed to be given to people with white skin color. I propose that these people are made uncomfortable because they are being discriminated by both races whether they are lighter or darker than them. Because of this uncomfortable state they start to develop identity problems.

 

Thenaturalist201’s sources

1.http://affinitymagazine.us/2017/07/10/being-biracialmulticultural-an-identity-crisis/

The content of the article: In this article, the author discusses their own personal struggle of being multiracial with her social life as well as how she is treated by her own family.

Proves: that multiracial people have problems just as much as a one race person

 

  1. https://www.tolerance.org/professional-development/on-racism-and-white-privilege

The content of the article: Explains the idea of white privilege and that anyone of white color has these privileges

Proves: not all multiracial have these privileges and even if they have a lighter skin color they don’t always have these privileges

 

  1. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/brazils-colour-bind/article25779474/

Content of the article: interviews with Brazil’s residents as well as the history of the background of their “races”

Proves: the definition of race versus skin color is a problem. It proves that everyone has this idea that the shade of your skin has a level of privilege.

 

  1. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2005.tb00020.x/epdf

Content: Defining privilege. Expanding the idea the of privilege to different categories. The article explains that there are 20 categories of privilege

Proves: this proves that skin color is a small portion of privilege and should not be treated as that is the only factor of privilege.

  1. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/uloop/race-identity_b_1303787.html

Content: This article provides a personal experience to the table

  1. https://nationalseedproject.org/white-privilege-unpacking-the-invisible-knapsack
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ysi5IqlIVoE
  3. https://movingupusa.com/survey-results-test/?sid=487403

9.http://societyforpsychotherapy.org/understanding-the-stressors-and-types-of-discrimination-that-can-affect-multiracial-individuals-things-to-address-and-avoid-in-psychotherapy-practice/

10.http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=167b3a9c-1ecb-4535-a917-474e20210dcd%40sessionmgr4009&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=2011-17045-001&db=pdh

  1. https://www.kqed.org/perspectives/201601135618/mixed-race-privilege
  2. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/privilege

 

Rebuttal is to prove that skin color is not everything

 

Annotated Bibliography- Thenaturlist201

  1. Duran-Smith, N. (2017, July 10). Being Biracial/Multicultural: An Identity Crisis. Retrieved from http://affinitymagazine.us/2017/07/10/being-biracialmulticultural-an-identity-crisis/

Background: In this article, Nature Duran-Smith shares her personal experiences dealing with being Multiracial. She explains that being biracial is not as easy as it seems and that she feels like an outcast as she does not fit into one category when comparing traits such as hair and cultural upbringing. Explaining that the upbringing of a multiracial/biracial person is different than other households. You are learning two cultures and are the black sheep of the family as she says. She explains that this creates identity issues within herself.

How I used it: I use this article to show experiences first hand from the perspective of a multiracial person. I use this to explain the identity issue related to being multiracial/biracial
2. On Racism and White Privilege. (2017, July 27). Retrieved from https://www.tolerance.org/professional-development/on-racism-and-white-privilege

Background: This article defines what white privilege is and explains that it is not something that people generally do on purpose. It is something given to you at birth you are granted these privileges based solely on your skin color. In the article examples of this privilege is having things named nude matches your skin color, band-aids matching, and your hair care is not separated from the others. The article goes on to address how skin color works in favor for people of white skin color and isn’t brought to the public’s attention like it should.

How I used it: I used this Article to help guide my understanding of white privilege and used it to spark interest in helping to gather an argument towards the idea of white privilege affecting multiracial people

3. Nolen, S. (2017, June 19). Brazil’s colour bind: How one of the world’s most diverse countries is just starting to talk about race. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/brazils-colour-bind/article25779474/

Background: In Brazil, the idea of race is just starting to come into the conversation. In the video people within one family are asked a series of questions. They are asked how many races there are in which they reply that there are two: black and white. Even though they are all from Brazil and belong to the same family they all identified differently. They related skin color to race as well as not seeing themselves for who they are. Some talked about the struggles that they face as being black. The ironic thing is that they were no darker in skin color than the people who identified as being white

How I used it: I use this as an example to show how silly the idea of race is and how race is not universal, different cultures identify each other differently and it can create conflict with how people view themselves and can hurt people when thinking about how they are viewed by others. I also address that it creates an identity problem because they feel that they are burdened but it is unnecessary.

4. Black, L. L., & Stone, D. (2011, December 23). Expanding the Definition of Privilege: The Concept of Social Privilege. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2005.tb00020.x/epdf

Background: In this paper social privilege is defined. Not only demonstrating privilege through skin color but other categories, it was determined that there are 20 different categories of privilege. throughout the paper, the main categories of social privilege are defined such as religion, race, gender, and sexual orientation.

How I used it: I use this paper to define racial privilege and also use it to explain that you cannot base a person’s privilege based solely on skin color and race because many things go into a person’s privilege. This is proven by the 20 categories given in the paper.

5. Mathieu A. (2012, April 29). Does Race Equal Skin Color? Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/uloop/race-identity_b_1303787.html

Background: This article is a personal experience from a female who appears different from her other race. She asks the question if race equals skin color. She shares her experiences about being judged or asked inappropriate questions based on her appearance.

How I used it: I use this article to prove that even if you do not look like a race that it has no effect whether you are actually that race or not. This is used in my paper to relate to multiracial individuals that do not look like the race they claim to be.

6. Rudolph, D. (1989). “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack” and “Some Notes for Facilitators”. Retrieved from https://nationalseedproject.org/white-privilege-unpacking-the-invisible-knapsack

Background: Originally posted in a magazine in the late 80’s this article was one of the firsts to address the idea of white people receiving more than people of color to the public. In the article Rudolph shares examples of privileges that white people face that people of color do not have. Examples are given to support her idea of unnoticed rights that are given to white people.

How I use it: I use this article to create an argument as this is the best source to prove wrong and to show that it does not apply to multiracial people even though some of them fall under the “white” category. I combine this with the article that asks if skin color is the same as race because it helps strengthen my argument and prove that people with lighter skin do not benefit from these privileges.

7.(2017, June 01). Retrieved April 28, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ysi5IqlIVoE

Background: This video provides the idea that white privilege does not even exist and is made to create a safety blanket for people who have been oppressed by white people. The narrator explains that whenever a white person shows pride in his or her heritage that they are called being racist but in reality, they are just embracing themselves.

How I used it: I used this video to use as inspiration and to spark my argument towards the idea of multiracial being made to feel more uncomfortable for “not understanding” the struggle of being darker.

8. Your American Dream Score. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://movingupusa.com/survey-results-test/?sid=487403

Background: This website is used as a resource to check how you compare to others living situations. This asks general questions like how was your school experience and did you grow up with any benefits? The higher the score the harder you have had to work for success calling it the American Dream score.

How I used it: I used this tool as a way to put in perspective of a multiracial person and to see whether or not my score was measured on the color of my skin. I noticed that no questions were asked about skin color and this helped me confirm that privilege is not based on skin color but how you are brought up.

9. Grieg, A. (2018, March 11). Understanding the Unique Experiences of Multiracial Individuals. Retrieved from http://societyforpsychotherapy.org/understanding-the-stressors-and-types-of-discrimination-that-can-affect-multiracial-individuals-things-to-address-and-avoid-in-psychotherapy-practice/

Background: This journal explains the way to treat multiracial clients when they are receiving therapy. They explain that certain things shouldn’t be said because he can worsen the state of the client. They also talk about the Multiracial Challenges and Resilience Scale, this scale is used to determine how multiracial people view themselves and how it can hurt them.

How I used it: I mainly used this journal to find the study on multiracial people and how they were affected by others. And to prove that being multiracial you face challenges too.

10. Fang- Horvath, S. (2017, March 08). Mixed Race Privilege? Retrieved from https://www.kqed.org/perspectives/201601135618/mixed-race-privilege

Background: In this article, Fang is interviewed about her experience as an Asian- American descendant. She shares her experience when taking a survey in class that was about checking your privilege. These questions consisted of ones similar to the Unpacking Your Invisible Knapsack like “do band-aids match your skin color” Fang questions this by responding whether band-aids should match your skin color.

How I used it: I use this interview to bring a personal experience into my paper. I use this article for my casual argument. prove that these tests make multiracial people feel disconnected within themselves and they feel like people will be judging them based solely on their skin color and race. This creates identity problems.

11. Salahuddin, N. M., & O’Brien, K. M. (2011). Challenges and resilience in the lives of urban, multiracial adults: An instrument development study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(4), 494-507.

Background: This research paper provided a study done on multiracial people in urban areas. The study conducted consisted of six categories: disbelief regarding racial heritage, Lack of family acceptance, multiracial discrimination, appreciation of human difference challenges with racial identity, and multiracial pride. They conducted 3 studies and discussed how multiracial people react to certain situations. This then helped them develop the Multiracial Challenges and Resilience Scale. Which is used when helping multiracial people when receiving therapy

How I used it: I used this paper for the study conducted, I use it as a source to back up the idea multiracial face discrimination for being multiracial and that they don’t receive the type of privilege that other races think.

 

Visual Rhetoric Rewrite- Myrtle View

Ad Council – “Restaurant”

:00- :01

The camera is zoomed out so that the viewers can see that the setting is a restaurant filled with people eating and talking among themselves. The restaurant looks fancy so the couple in the center may be on a date. They seem to be the camera’s main focus since the other customers in the restaurant are facing away from the camera. The waiter is facing the woman, I assume he is taking her order.

:02- :16

The camera then zooms in on the woman.  The woman seems to be the only person dressed casually while her date and the other customers are in professional attire. The woman is firing question after question towards the waiter asking about the food options the restaurant is offering. Her date seems calm during the interrogation but the waiter does appear to be a little flustered from the numerous questions being asked towards him.

:17- :25

The words “we ask questions everywhere we go” appears in the middle of the scene to draw the audience’s attention. During this frame the camera goes to the setting of an examination room and the woman from the restaurant is sitting on the exam table. The woman is very shy and quiet when her doctor asks her if she has any concerns. At the end of this scene the words “except here” are in bold white in the middle of the frame.

:26- :30

The commercial ends by advising people viewing this advertisement to ask their healthcare provider any questions they may have regarding their personal care.

Annotated Bibliography- Myrtle View

  1. Blake, J. (2016, March 31). It’s time to talk about ‘black privilege’. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2016/03/30/us/black-privilege/index.html                  Background: This article explains what black privilege is and how it effects white people.

How it is used: I used this in my rebuttal piece as a counter argument.

  1. Music, C. O. (2017, September 22). Report: Black Women Are Responsible for Everything Cool. Retrieved from https://www.thecut.com/2017/09/nielsen-report-shows-black-women-are-major-trendsetters.html

Background: This article explains how black women set the trend for many of the worlds fashion trends.

How it is used: I used this in my definition argument to explain how black women a source of inspiration but receive no respect from the world.

  1. Brown, T., & Kopano, B. (2015). Soul thieves : the appropriation and misrepresentation of african american popular culture. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com

Background: A book that explains how black people are misrepresented and are victims of cultural appropriation towards white people. It also mentions the effects of this misrepresentation.

How it is used: I used this in my definition argument to explain how cultural appropriation effects the black community.

  1. Hunter, M. L. (2005). Race, gender, and the politics of skin tone. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com

Background: An academic book about how the race, gender, and skin tone determines the opportunities that are received and how the world will judge the community.

How it is used: I used this in my definition argument to show how the black community are not provided fairly the same opportunities of white people because of the way they present themselves.

  1. Smith, Jessie Carney, et al. The Complete Encyclopedia of African American History, Visible Ink Press, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rowan/detail.action?docID=4414255.

Background: This academic resource is about the history of African Americans from slavery to present day. It also discusses the accomplishment the black community has made and the obstacles that they still face today.

How it was used: I used this in my definition argument and causal argument to explain how far the black community has come and that it is still strive for the betterment of people.

  1. Ford, Tanisha C. Liberated Threads: Black Women, Style, and the Global Politics of Soul. University of North Carolina Press, 2015. JSTOR, jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469625164_ford

Background: This academic source is about how black women present themselves through fashion and the repercussions they receive from society.

How it was used: This academic source was used in my causal argument to explain how black fashion should not be appropriated.

  1. James, D. (2017, December 07). An Illustrative Identity of Fashion and Style Throughout African-American History and Movements. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/danielle-james/the-illustrative-identity_b_6519244.html

Background: This article is about the many contributions to fashion the black community has offered throughout time.

How it was used: I used this article as evidence in my definition and causal argument.

  1. Bubman, M. (2017, February 22). The Double Standards of Cultural Appropriation. Retrieved from https://thebottomline.as.ucsb.edu/2017/02/how-black-culture-is-exploited-in-memes-copy-headline-plz

Background: This article is about how wearing black fashion and black hairstyles effects people differently within society based on race.

How it was used: I used this article in my causal argument to demonstrate the difference in treatment black women face as opposed to white women.

  1. Dicker, R. (2017, September 08). Black Culture Appropriation Meets Its Match On ‘The Daily Show’. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/black-culture-appropriation-meets-its-match-on-the-daily-show_us_59b25e41e4b0dfaafcf6f931

Background: This article is about cultural appropriation that was addressed on “The Daily Show” and how this issue is widely known and controversial.

How it was used: I used this in my causal and definition argument as evidence to my claim.

  1. Blay, Z. (2015, August 04). It’s A Slap In The Face When White Women Wear Black Hairstyles. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/its-a-slap-in-the-face-when-white-women-wear-black-hairstyles_us_55c0c153e4b0b23e3ce3f27b

Background: This article how and why it is disrespectful for white women to style their hair using black hairstyles.

How it was used: I used this as an example in my causal argument to explain what happens when white women wear box braids as opposed to when black women wear box braids.

  1. Rockett, D. (2018, April 23). ‘How to Slay’: Black fashion has made its mark on world culture. Retrieved from http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/style/sc-fashion-0423-book-how-to-slay-20180405-story.html

Background: This article is about how black culture continues to inspire the world around them

How it was used: I used this reference in my refutation to show how positive an influence black fashion is on the world on an international level.

Causal Rewrite- Thenaturalist201

When growing up in a multiracial household you are accepted by both families as soon leave that safety you become an outcast. Multiracial people do not belong anywhere they face the same amount of discrimination as anyone race because they are not in the same position as anyone race person. Being multiracial causes discomfort and makes them question themselves as people.

When in the world as a multiracial person is put in a position when examining themselves in the world of being privileged they feel uncomfortable because being light skinned is considered being privileged but yet they still face the same struggles that darker skinned people face.

Multiracial people may hold feature of one race but the skin color of another because of that they should not be held in a position where they are put in one category. Race does not equal skin color. Many times when multiracial people are asked what race they are they face forced to pick what matches their skin color this is wrong. In an article by Huffington post, Does Race Equal Skin Color by Aurelie Mathieu she discusses the problem she faced when applying for jobs and colleges. The fact that they ask what ethnicity you are. Mathieu recalls when she was asked by her employer during an interview if she mistakenly put down Black as she has light skin and green eyes. Stories like these are shared by many as people are judged when they are first seen. Because of this skin color becomes a big indicator for race which is a habit that will be hard to break but should indeed be broken.

Being multiracial is seen as the best of both worlds in many people’s eyes as they can experience a culture without the oppression that comes with it. But in reality, multiracial people are born into the world with the idea that they are more privileged than the race that is generally more oppressed. This is not true, they are experiencing if not more discrimination as they cannot express themselves. They are told they dress wrong or talk too much like one race when they appear to be from another.

Multiracial people suffer from identity problems from being told what they are and they are not. Going back to the study of  Multiracial challenges and resilience scale, the study showed that many of the people interviewed suffered from identity problems. On average 63% showed that they suffered from racial identity. Psychologically this isn’t right that multiracial people are being put in these uncomfortable racial situations that make them question their identity.

Rebuttal Argument – Thenaturlist201

When examining the life a multiracial people we may see that they are only discriminated against based on their skin color and only by the lighter colored race, but this is wrong. Multiracial people are discriminated against by everyone and a lot of the time they do not get treated equally to who they are talking to.

In 1989 an article was published titled, White Privilege Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack, this article was written by Peggy McIntosh. This was the earliest article found introducing the idea of privilege. Considering this it is a fairly recent article. Mclntosh introducing the idea that people of color have an unfair advantage that white people do not have to deal with.

Throughout the article privileges listed are things such as having hair products found easily for your hair type, or bandages matching your skin color. These examples are used and are talked about in reference to race, not skin color. You cannot look at someone and assume their race. A light-skinned multiracial person does experience things that would be considered unprivileged and that can be proved through examples given by multiracial people such as Sierra Fang-Horvath. She is an Asian American who shared her experience with KQED Radio, in this interview she shares her experience when she took a survey to measure how much privilege they had. In this survey she came across the question asking if Bandaids matched her skin color, she responded by saying ” should they?”. In this one sentence alone she explains how people should think. After the survey, she felt like she would be looked at differently because in her eyes she never questioned her identity. Before the interview, a picture of Fang is shown and you would assume that she would not have a problem with privilege based on Mclntosh’s article but you really have no clue how a multiracial people think or feel.

When you read the article with Fang you are shown that you really were not aware how unprivileged you were until you are told to check it. This makes multiracial people feel more uncomfortable because then they will be seen by others as having something they do not. You are no longer yourself and are a label of your skin color.

Why a Refutation Argument?

The Turing Test

The test was introduced by Turing in his 1950 paper, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence“, while working at the University of Manchester (Turing, 1950; p. 460).[3] It opens with the words: “I propose to consider the question, ‘Can machines think?'” Because “thinking” is difficult to define, Turing chooses to “replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words.”[4] Turing’s new question is: “Are there imaginable digital computers which would do well in the imitation game?”[5] This question, Turing believed, is one that can actually be answered. In the remainder of the paper, he argued against all the major objections to the proposition that “machines can think”.[6]

This is a note to my future self.
Make a lecture about the need to address “all the major objections” to one’s premise when one’s premise sounds absurd, as all the best counterintuitive premises do.

Reflective Statement – PaulaJean

Core Value 1. My work demonstrates that I used a variety of social and interactive practices that involve recursive stages of exploration, discovery, conceptualization, and development.

My White Paper and my final research paper show how much my ideas and research have changed. I started with a very different topic then I ended up with. Throughout the semester, I have researched a lot about the placebo effect, confirmation bias, and stereotype threat which led me to my final thesis. I have had multiple drafts and forms of peer review from my classmates and professor. Feedback from my professor was a very important part of my success in my research position paper. I learned how to take the feedback and apply it to my next assignment and revisions. During the semester, my research has taught me a lot and prompted me to think differently than before this course.

Core Value 2. My work demonstrates that I read critically, and that I placed texts into conversation with one another to create meaning by synthesizing ideas from various discourse communities. 

A lot of my research included studies and experiments pertaining to my, at first, very broad topic. Majority of what I was doing “behind the scenes” was analyzing, comparing, and contrasting articles or journals to further strengthen my position in my final paper. I carefully selected journals that proved my point and provided different aspects of it to the reader. In my final research paper, a lot of my points are made by different studies. I used them and analyzed them to create a better final product. I did my best to read them and analyzing what the authors said rather than what I interpret it as. Synthesizing was something introduced to me in Comp I and further mastered in Comp II.

Core Value 3. My work demonstrates that I rhetorically analyzed the purpose, audience, and contexts of my own writing and other texts and visual arguments.

In my definition argument, I created one or two scenarios that could help my audience really grasp my topic and position. I figured out who my target audience is and carefully picked out certain sources and examples to demonstrate my side. As the course comes to an end, I really see a difference with my mechanics and grammar due to my professor’s time and effort into making sure we understood each concept. Not only did we review, but he would go over it multiple times throughout the semester as a reminder which was a very helpful tool. I learned how to use grammar, mechanics, and other elements to target my audience. Creating arguments using rhetorical strategies was something definitely  demonstrated throughout my work and especially my definition argument.

Core Value 4: My work demonstrates that I have met the expectations of academic writing by locating, evaluating, and incorporating illustrations and evidence to support my own ideas and interpretations.

Research is something I have been working on for a long time, and with each course I take, I improve. During my Comp II course, I really had to dig for some sources which challenged my research abilities. Although my causal argument contains one source, it was the best source to prove my point. This source was on my mind the whole time I was writing. I feel as if have improved my use of finding and citing sources in every course I take. (Comp I & Comp II, especially) Within one school year, I have been introduced to a completely new citing and formatting style. This was very difficult for me to transition to as my whole life I have used MLA formatting. With the help of multiple professors, though, I feel as if I have gotten pretty well acquainted with APA.

Core Value 5. My work demonstrates that I respect my ethical responsibility to represent complex ideas fairly and to the sources of my information with appropriate citation. 

Although I spoke to my success to academic honesty (or integrity) in CV4, there is much more to it than just citing your sources. I have learned to use close reading while evaluating other authors’ work. I focus on what they are saying rather than what your mind is telling you to interpret it as. I learned how to say what I think and feel and what other people think and feel (due to their work) while using differing voices to differentiate who is talking and whose claim it is. Other than this, I have gotten better at APA formatting. I have learned how to properly cite in-text and in a reference page. Academic integrity is a very important thing and I feel as if I really made good use of my sources in my final research paper.

 

Bibliography- Lbirch

1. Brooke, C. (2011, November 08). Fire services on alert after smoke detector is blamed for causing TWO blazes. Retrieved April 05, 2018, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2058922/Firefighters-forced-stop-handing-smoke-alarms-catches-alight-nearly-burns-house.html

Background: This article published by Daily Mail provides two cases in the United Kingdom where the smoke detectors actually caught fire. Fire investigators on the case say they are on the side of caution because of these incidents and are taking the situation very seriously. These detectors were installed professionally by fire services for a fire prevention safety campaign.

How I Used It: I used this article to show that there are cases of faulty detectors that do have the potential to start a fire and can cause harm. This also provides an example of an incident where smoke detectors do the complete opposite of what they are made to do. Even if detectors are professionally installed and are picked by fire services because of reliability they still have the risk of a fire.

2. Reports and statistics about smoke alarms. (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2018, from National Fire Protection Agency, https://www.nfpa.org/Public-Education/By-topic/Smoke-alarms/Reports-and-statistics-about-smoke-alarms

Background: This report focuses on the statistics of fatalities in fires and their relation to smoke detectors. This report by the National Fire Protection Association states “smoke alarms were present in slightly less than three-quarters (73%) of reported home fires and operated in roughly half (53%).” It also states that about three out of five respondents of a survey still use battery operated smoke detectors. Lastly, a main piece of evidence that can be used is that a power-failure, shut-off or disconnect was the leading failure reason for failures of hardwired only smoke alarms (46%).

How I Used It: This source was used to show statistics of fire-related deaths in houses. I used the fact that a home with smoke detectors are safer than homes that do not have them.

3. Lee, A., & Lee, D. (2005, October). Considerations For Installation Of Smoke Alarms On Residential Branch Circuits. Retrieved February 13, 2018 from   https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/acfismoke.pdf

Background: This report covers the facts of smoke detector in houses today, discussing there may be a problem with battery-only alarms because if one alarm detects smoke, only that one will sound. If there is a fire in a remote section of the house, the alarm may not be heard if you are far away from the alarm. One statement in this report shows that some fires start due to overheated wires in detectors from an overload on its current.

How I Used It: This was used by showing there can be some hazardous things in detectors we may not even think of. This can be the fact that with battery-operated detectors, only one detector will go off in an event of a fire while hard-wired fires all will activate. But one hazard a hard-wired detector may possess is the problem of overheated wires with can lead to electrical fires.

4. McGrath, E. (2017, July 11). What Causes Short Circuits?. Retrieved February 13, 2018 from https://www.thespruce.com/what-causes-short-circuits-4118973

Background: Short circuits can be caused by faulty installation of wires. When one wire carrying a current touches another wire, heat, and fire can be made. This is from an overload of current which the wire may not be able to handle.

How I Used It: I used this to show how a short-circuit may cause a smoke detector to catch on fire. Wires may be faulty and can produce extreme heat. I used this to show a professional is needed to safely install smoke detector systems, and if this is not done, the home may be at risk.

5. Cambell, R. (2017, March). Electrical Fires. Retrieved February 3, 2018, from https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/News-and-Research/Fire-statistics/Major-Causes/osHomeElectricalFires.pdf

Background: This report shows statistics about electrical fires in homes. Electrical fires may be the route of detector failures and fires because of the wiring involved. Fire departments responded to over 45,000 reported structure fires which involved electrical failure or malfunction from 2010-2014.  Wiring and related equipment accounted for the great majority of home fires and losses involving electrical distribution and lighting equipment, which was 69% of fires.

How I Used It: I used this to relate detectors to electrical fires, and how common they are. I also used this to show that failure to install wiring correctly will result in a harmful or deadly scenario.

6. Krasnow, B. S. w. (1995, October 29). FIRE STARTS DURING ANNUAL SMOKE DETECTOR WARNING OFFICIALS URGE PEOPLE TO CHECK BATTERIES WHILE CHANGING CLOCKS. Retrieved February 13, 2018 from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.rowan.edu/docview/394791605/abstract/4BF70D91880C41AFPQ/1?accountid=13605

Background: This article shows a time when a fire started in a house with no smoke detectors at all. The fire claimed the lives of four children, and if there were detectors in the house, the children may have been alerted and evacuated the house safely.

How I Used It: I used this to show how smoke detectors are a necessity and this shows a time they would have been very useful in a house. To use this to show why detectors are very important in homes.

7. Nichols, B. (2014, June 30). How 9-Volt Batteries Can be a Home Hazard. Retrieved February 13, 2018 from http://fireprotectiontesting.com/dangers-of-9-volt-batteries/ 

Background: This article written by Fire Protection Team gives is information about 9-volt batteries and how they can cause a fire. 9-volt batteries are used in detectors, but also as backups in hard-wired detectors. If a metal object, which can be as simple as a pen or paper clip touches a post of the battery, it may short the battery causing heat or fire. There have been fires due to batteries reported across the country and cause a concern to many.

How I Used It: I used this article by showing batteries also have a role in detectors and the possibility they can start fires also. I also used this to show how easy it would be to short a battery, causing extensive heat and creates the potential to start a fire.

8. BU-304a: Safety Concerns with Li-ion. (2018, January 4). Retrieved February 27, 2018, from http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/safety_concerns_with_li_ion 

Background: This article is written to inform the readers about the possible safety concerns of lithium-Ion batteries. These lithium-ion batteries may cause harm to your home, and even possibly yourself in used incorrectly or installed improperly.

How I Used It: I used this article because lithium-ion batteries are used in smoke detectors, and I show this can be another possible way a smoke detector can cause a fire. these batteries can start a fire in other appliances or devices, they could start a fire in smoke detectors also.

9. Common Causes of Electrical Fires. (2012, December). Retrieved February 27, 2018, from http://cmrris.com/news-manufacturing-details/20/common-causes-of-electrical-fires.html

Background: This article is about how electrical fire can start. They can start from physically damaged wires, overloaded circuits, high temperatures, and from other improper uses.

How I Used It: I use this to show how many ways electrical fires can start and relate back to detectors. If a detector is not installed correctly or not installed by a professional, all of these things have a high chance of happening.

10. Home Electrical Fires. (2015, February 4). Retrieved February 27, 2018, from http://www.esfi.org/resource/home-electrical-fires-184

Background: ESFI gives us statistics about home electrical fires and gives the reader electrical and fire safety tips.

How I Used It: I use this by stating the fact about electrical distribution equipment is the third leading cause of house fires, accounting for 51,000 fires and nearly 500 deaths. I use this to show how harmful faulty electrical equipment may be.

11. Lee, A. (2002, June 28). Preliminary Test Results on Lithium Batteries Used In Resident Smoke Alarms. Retrieved February 27, 2018, from https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/lithiumfinal.PDF

Background: This publification gives the reader background on tests done on households with lithium-battries smoke alarms. The things found in these tests show that many households did not have working smoke detectors at all, including some households that had them with no batteries inside.

How I Used It: I used this to show how deadly a home can be if no detectors are inside a house at all. When there are no smoke detectors inside a home, the risk of death from smoke inhalation increases dramatically.

 

Bibliography – DudeInTheBack

 

F. (2012, February 20). Retrieved April 24, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4SFyWilyV0

https://search.proquest.com/docview/1715703263?pq-origsite=summo

Adderall vs. Ritalin: What’s the Difference? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/adhd/adderall-vs-ritalin

Adderall Addiction and Abuse – Prescription Amphetamines. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/adderall/

Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (2017, April 10). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/behavior-therapy.html

McCarthy, L. F. (2018, March 08). Top 10 Questions About ADHD Medications for Children… Answered! Retrieved March 20, 2018, from https://www.additudemag.com/top-10-questions-about-meds-answered/

http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(09)62951-8/abstract

1) Is Adderall Safe? | Safe for Adults and Children? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/adderall/adderall-safe/#gref

Background?: this source is an article both describing what adderal is, and also in less depth describes what meth is. also giving practical examples of how Adderall is used, and how meth is used.

How I used it?: this source explains how both of these drugs have very similar chemical makeups. only meth has a ” have more of something called methyl, which is important in this discussion because it lets the drug cross the blood-brain barrier more quickly. This leads to a more powerful effect.” showing that the only thing separating, and clarifying both to be different is one molecule that makes the effect instantaneous

2) https://search.proquest.com/docview/1715703263?pq-origsite=summon

Background: This article gives a first person experience on what Adderall did for her. it talks about her addiction, and why she was addicted. also how she knew she did not have ADHD. This article gives a look at the terrible addiction path someone can go down.

How I used it: I used this article to show just what addiction to Adderall can do to someone’s life. showing how this woman was effected makes my addiction argument stronger by giving a first person account.

3) http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(09)62951-8/abstract

Background: This is a article abstract posted by the JAACP detailing a classroom experiment in which ADHD medication was administered. They prove that Adderall works in classrooms.

How I used it: I used this source to prove in my refutation section of my research paper how Adderall actually works on those who use it. Showing the statistics of the study proves my point of it actually working.

4) C. (2008, February 16). Retrieved April 25, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQegsqYhuZE&feature=youtu.be

Background: in this youtube video, Dr. Thomas Szasz, Professor of Psychiatry Emeritus describes the connotation an illness or disease has now. He believes that any disease cannot be not based on behavior, its something in the body that malfunctions.

How I used it: I used this source to explain how the stigma and connotation ADHD has around it is socially constructed. by diagnosing a child with ADHD and classifying it as a disease, or disorder stigmatizes a child, and puts them in a category that they should not be in. Children are precious, and should not be exposed to prescription drugs. Parents should also not think that their kid has an illness based on behavior, and should not jump to try to treat it.

5) (2017, April 10). Retrieved April 25, 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/behavior-therapy.html

Background: This article is posted by the CDC explaining how medical treatment for ADHD does not have to be the first option. instead, behavioral therapy can be introduced, which is very effective.

How I used it: This article proved my point of parents not having to ultimately resort to mediation. Utilizing behavioral therapy will diminish the chances of the child becoming addicted to medication and learn how to deal with their symptoms through teaching.

Adderall vs. Ritalin: What’s the Difference? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/adhd/adderall-vs-ritalin